Reducing the read noise of H2RG detector arrays: eliminating correlated noise with efficient use of reference signals

Moseley, S. H.; Arendt, Richard G.; Fixsen, D. J.; Lindler, Don J.; Loose, Markus; Rauscher, Bernard J.

doi:10.1117/12.866773

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The reference pixels, which have been engineered to electronically mimic a regular pixel, can be used to suppress correlated noise. 7,8 Electronic readout and control are accomplished in a silicon readout integrated circuit (ROIC). When it was first introduced, 6 HAWAII-2RG name refered only to the ROIC, although it is now common usage in the astronomical community to refer to entire detector arrays as HAWAII-2RGs or H2RGs.…”

Section: H2rg Detector Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary: JWST near-infrared detector degradation— finding the problem, fixing the problem, and moving forward

et al. 2012

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The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. JWST will be an infrared-optimized telescope, with an approximately 6.5 m diameter primary mirror, that is located at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point. Three of JWST’s four science instruments use Teledyne HgCdTe HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) near infrared detector arrays. During 2010, the JWST Project noticed that a few of its 5 μm cutoff H2RG detectors were degrading during room temperature storage, and NASA chartered a “Detector Degradation Failure Review Board” (DD-FRB) to investigate. The DD-FRB determined that the root cause was a design flaw that allowed indium to interdiffuse with the gold contacts and migrate into the HgCdTe detector layer. Fortunately, Teledyne already had an improved design that eliminated this degradation mechanism. During early 2012, the improved H2RG design was qualified for flight and JWST began making additional H2RGs. In this article, we present the two public DD-FRB “Executive Summaries” that: (1) determined the root cause of the detector degradation and (2) defined tests to determine whether the existing detectors are qualified for flight. We supplement these with a brief introduction to H2RG detector arrays, some recent measurements showing that the performance of the improved design meets JWST requirements, and a discussion of how the JWST Project is using cryogenic storage to retard the degradation rate of the existing flight spare H2RGs.

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Section: H2rg Detector Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary: JWST near-infrared detector degradation— finding the problem, fixing the problem, and moving forward

et al. 2012

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“…IRS 2 subtracts the reference pixels and reference output using an optimal set of frequency-dependent weights that represent a least-squares fit of these references to a training data set. Moseley et al (2010), which provides the first published description of the IRS 2 concept and Rauscher et al (2011), which describes early proof of concept testing using an engineering grade H2RG and SIDECAR ASIC. In Rauscher et al (2012b), we presented the full set of IRS 2 equations in their current form for the first time.…”

Section: Irsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For every n normal pixel, we step out to a reference row to digitize an even-numbered reference pixel r 2 times and then an odd-numbered reference pixel r 2 times. We sample both even and odd reference columns to subtract alternating column pattern noise at the Nyquist frequency (Moseley et al 2010). In IRS 2 , the reference output is digitized and saved in parallel with the four video outputs.…”

Section: Simple Prototype Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Reference Sampling and Subtraction: A Technique for Reducing the Read Noise of Near-infrared Detector Systems

Rauscher¹,

Arendt²,

Fixsen³

et al. 2017

PASP

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Near-infrared array detectors, like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec's Teledyne's H2RGs, often provide reference pixels and a reference output. These are used to remove correlated noise. Improved reference sampling and subtraction (IRS 2 ) is a statistical technique for using this reference information optimally in a leastsquares sense. Compared with the traditional H2RG readout, IRS 2 uses a different clocking pattern to interleave many more reference pixels into the data than is otherwise possible. Compared with standard reference correction techniques, IRS 2 subtracts the reference pixels and reference output using a statistically optimized set of frequencydependent weights. The benefits include somewhat lower noise variance and much less obvious correlated noise. NIRSpec's IRS 2 images are cosmetically clean, with less f 1 banding than in traditional data from the same system. This article describes the IRS 2 clocking pattern and presents the equations needed to use IRS 2 in systems other than NIRSpec. For NIRSpec, applying these equations is already an option in the calibration pipeline. As an aid to instrument builders, we provide our prototype IRS 2 calibration software and sample JWST NIRSpec data. The same techniques are applicable to other detector systems, including those based on Teledyne's H4RG arrays. The H4RG's interleaved reference pixel readout mode is effectively one IRS 2 pattern.

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“…CIBER-2 employs three HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detector arrays, 22,23 which are second-generation commercial HgCdTe near-IR detectors with a pixel format of 2048 × 2048 manufactured by Teledyne Scientific and Imaging Corporation. HAWAII-2RG detector arrays will use on-chip amplifier chopping which reduces the 1/f noise from the readout chain, reducing the need for complex Fourier weighting techniques employed with the CIBER-1 data.…”

Section: Detector and Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cosmic infrared background experiment-2 (CIBER-2) for studying the near-infrared extragalactic background light

et al. 2016

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We present the current status of the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment-2 (CIBER-2) project, whose goal is to make a rocket-borne measurement of the near-infrared Extragalactic Background Light (EBL), under a collaboration with U.S.A., Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The EBL is the integrated light of all extragalactic sources of emission back to the early Universe. At near-infrared wavelengths, measurement of the EBL is a promising way to detect the diffuse light from the first collapsed structures at redshift z∼10, which are impossible to detect as individual sources. However, recently, the intra-halo light (IHL) model is advocated as the main contribution to the EBL, and our new result of the EBL fluctuation from CIBER-1 experiment is also supporting this model. In this model, EBL is contributed by accumulated light from stars in the dark halo regions of lowredshift (z<2) galaxies, those were tidally stripped by the interaction of satellite dwarf galaxies. Thus, in order to understand the origin of the EBL, both the spatial fluctuation observations with multiple wavelength bands and the absolute spectroscopic observations for the EBL are highly required. After the successful initial CIBER-1 experiment, we are now developing a new instrument CIBER-2, which is comprised of a 28.5-cm aluminum telescope and three broad-band, wide-field imaging cameras. The three wide-field (2.3×2.3 degrees) imaging cameras use the 2K×2K HgCdTe HAWAII-2RG arrays, and cover the optical and near-infrared wavelength range of 0.5-0.9 µm, 1.0-1.4 µm and 1.5-2.0 µm, respectively. Combining a large area telescope with the high sensitivity detectors, CIBER-2 will be able to measure the spatial fluctuations in the EBL at much fainter levels than those detected in previous CIBER-1 experiment. Additionally, we will use a linear variable filter installed just above the detectors so that a measurement of the absolute spectrum of the EBL is also possible. In this paper, the scientific motivation and the expected performance for CIBER-2 will be presented. The detailed designs of the telescope and imaging cameras will also be discussed, including the designs of the mechanical, cryogenic, and electrical systems.

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Reducing the read noise of H2RG detector arrays: eliminating correlated noise with efficient use of reference signals

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Commentary: JWST near-infrared detector degradation— finding the problem, fixing the problem, and moving forward

Commentary: JWST near-infrared detector degradation— finding the problem, fixing the problem, and moving forward

Improved Reference Sampling and Subtraction: A Technique for Reducing the Read Noise of Near-infrared Detector Systems

The cosmic infrared background experiment-2 (CIBER-2) for studying the near-infrared extragalactic background light

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