Reducing the Global Burden of Myopia by Delaying the Onset of Myopia and Reducing Myopic Progression in Children

Modjtahedi, Bobeck S.; Abbott, Richard L.; Fong, Donald S.; Lum, Flora; Tan, Donald; Ang, Marcus; Chiarito, Susan; Cotter, Susan A.; Fernandez, Angela Maria; Grzybowski, Andrzej; He, Mingguang; Jacobs, Deborah S.; Jonas, Jost B.; Kemper, Alex R.; Lee, Katherine A.; Molinari, Andrea; Morgan, Ian G.; Ohno‐Matsui, Kyoko; Repka, Michael X.; Salim, Sarwat; Wu, Pei-Chang; Yao, Ke; Zadnik, Karla

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.10.040

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that thinner corneas may lead to underestimation errors in IOP measurements[ 7 ]. However, recent studies have found significantly higher mean IOP values in myopic children than in non-myopic children[ 8 ]. In this study, children’s general eye measurement parameter IOP was positively correlated with corneal biomechanical parameters PD and DA and negatively correlated with A2L and IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of myopia onset and progression with corneal biomechanical parameters in children

Lü¹,

Hu²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

WJCC

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BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies have shown that general eye measurement parameters and corneal biomechanical properties can predict the speed of myopic progression in children. AIM To investigate the correlation between the onset and progression of myopia and corneal biomechanical parameters in children. METHODS The study included 102 cases in the emmetropia group, 207 cases in the myopic group, and 109 cases in the hyperopic group. The correlation between the change in corneal biomechanical indexes and the change in general ocular measurement parameters was analyzed. A one-way ANOVA test compared general ocular measurement and corneal biomechanical parameters. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was analyzed to correlate corneal biomechanical and general ocular measurement parameters. RESULTS The general ophthalmometric parameters: Spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length (AL), differed significantly among subjects in myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopic groups. Children’s SE positively correlated with corneal biomechanical parameters: Second velocity of applanation (A2V), peak distance (PD), and deformation amplitude (DA) ( P < 0.05), and second applanation length (A2L) ( P < 0.05). But it was negatively correlated with PD, DA and integral radius (IR) ( P < 0.05). Also, IOP was negatively correlated with A2L and IR ( P < 0.05). AL positively correlated with A2V and negatively correlated with second applanation time (A2T), highest concavity, and PD. Central corneal thickness positively correlated with first applanation length, first applanation time, first applanation deformation amplitude, A2V, A2L, A2T, second applanation deformation amplitude, central curvature radius at highest concavity (HCR), PD, DA, IR, ambrosia relational thickness-horizontal, first applanation stiffness parameter, corvis biomechanical index, topographic and biomechanics index and the first velocity of applanation. The general ocular Km in children positively correlated with corneal biomechanical parameters DA and IR and negatively correlated with A2L, HCR, and PD. There was a positive correlation between the general ocular measurement parameters ΔSE and corneal biomechanical parameters ΔA2V and ΔA2L, and a negative correlation with ΔIR. The increase in general ocular measurement parameter ΔKm positively correlated with changes in corneal biomechanical parameters, ΔDA and ΔIR, and negatively correlated with ΔHCR and ΔPD. CONCLUSION Myopia development in children was associated with multiple corneal biomechanical parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of myopia onset and progression with corneal biomechanical parameters in children

Lü¹,

Hu²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

WJCC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In response to this problem, China has now developed a national myopia prevention plan, 11 and the American Academy of Ophthalmology has proposed developing an integrated program of educational, research, and public health initiatives. 12 …”

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confidence: 99%

Exposure to the Life of a School Child Rather Than Age Determines Myopic Shifts in Refraction in School Children

Ding

Morgan

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose The prevalence of myopia increases with both age and grade for children attending school. The current study aimed to distinguish the effects of aging and grade on myopia. Methods Grade 1 students (706 at baseline in 2009, mean age 6.56 ± 0.29 years, range 6.00 to 6.99 years old, 55.5% boys) were followed up until 2012. Cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) was measured annually. Results The sample in a grade was divided into three 4-month age blocks according to their birth month. Within each grade, there were no significant differences in SE between age blocks (all P > 0.05), despite an age range of one year. More myopic SE was observed in the youngest block of grade 2 compared to the oldest block of grade 1 (difference, −0.36 ± 0.08 D; P < 0.001), although age of the two blocks only differed by four months. Similarly, more myopic SE were found in the youngest block in grade 3 than the oldest block in grade 2 (differences, −0.50 ± 0.10 D; P < 0.001) and in the youngest block in grade 4 than the oldest block in grade 3 (differences, −0.82 ± 0.14 D; P < 0.001). Conclusions Exposure to schooling, rather than age, appears to be the major driver of refractive development, at least in the early years of schooling. Interventions during this period, involving reductions in educational pressure and increased time outdoors may have major effects on the subsequent development of myopia.

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“…Myopia is the most serious type of refractive error that causes visual impairment [ 9 ]. The severity and early occurrence of myopia not only damage the physical and mental health of children and adolescents and affect their future education and career choice but also bring great challenges and economic burdens to the society, especially the medical and health industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Myopia: A Local Population Survey in Shanxi, China

Wang

Bi²,

Wang

2021

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Purpose. To further determine the roles of environmental and genetic factors in the development of myopia, a comprehensive survey was performed. The guidance for myopia-susceptible people is established which might help prevent or delay the onset and development of myopia. Methods. 1,852 students were recruited using the multistage sampling approach from the Gaoping county in Shanxi. The refractive status of students was examined using an autorefractometer, and the refractive status of students’ first-degree relatives was collected using a well-designed questionnaire. Family aggregation of myopia was analyzed according to the myopic status of the students (nonmyopic or myopic group). The prevalence and heritability of myopia in students and their first-degree relatives were further explored by subdividing into mild, moderate, and high myopia groups. Significance analysis among each group was performed by the χ2 test using SPSS 25.0 software. Falconer’s method was used to calculate the inheritability of myopia. Results. A total of 1,852 subjects were recruited in this study, and 1,813 subjects were finally included. The family aggregation of myopia in the myopic student group (34.7%) was significantly higher than that in the nonmyopic group (8.5%). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and high myopia in children (students and siblings) was higher than that in their parents. The rate of high myopia (6.33%) was significantly higher among students with one or both myopic parents than those without myopic parents (3.85%). The heritability of mild, moderate, and high myopia among parents-offspring was 3.72%, 20.47%, and 48.00%, respectively. The heritability of mild, moderate, and high myopia among siblings was 17.50%, 86.09%, and 78.75%, which is significantly higher than that among parents-offspring. In addition to genetic factors, extensive near-work time, higher education pressure, and minimal outdoor activities contribute significantly to mild and moderate myopia. Conclusions. Myopia is of high risk due to familial aggregation. Students with a family history of myopia are more likely to have high myopia than those without family history. The occurrence and development of high myopia are affected by both the genetic and environmental factors, which could either weaken or strengthen myopia. Therefore, students with a family history of myopia should pay close attention to their eye health to avoid the occurrence of myopia and the deepening of diopter, which may lead to high myopia and its related complications.

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Reducing the Global Burden of Myopia by Delaying the Onset of Myopia and Reducing Myopic Progression in Children

Cited by 64 publications

References 93 publications

Correlation of myopia onset and progression with corneal biomechanical parameters in children

Correlation of myopia onset and progression with corneal biomechanical parameters in children

Exposure to the Life of a School Child Rather Than Age Determines Myopic Shifts in Refraction in School Children

Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Myopia: A Local Population Survey in Shanxi, China

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