Reducing the environmental impacts of plastics while increasing strength: Biochar fillers in biodegradable, recycled, and fossil-fuel derived plastics

Kane, Seth; Roijen, Elisabeth Van; Ryan, Cecily; Miller, Sabbie A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcomc.2022.100253

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Certain biopolymers containing ester bonds in their structures, such as poly(lactide) (PLA) or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), are primarily used in various applications such as a material for food packaging, − clothing, particular functional components, automotive, agricultural uses, or specific medicinal purposes with the incorporation of FDM 3D printing technology . Once these biopolymer structures reach their functional limit, often determined by their molecular weight decrease or a state of visual degradation, they cannot be effectively mechanically recycled and used for material production due to their considerably lower quality and worse properties compared to a virgin polymer manufactured for the first time. − The chemical structure of PLA and P3HB can lead to a promising molecule reuse idea: the ester bonds of partially degraded and materially unusable macromolecules can undergo a transesterification reaction using alcohols such as methanol or ethanol as a nucleophile, resulting in a process called chemical recycling. This idea clarifies the possibility of taking advantage of the biopolymers’ further state of structure degradation as an opportunity to be depolymerized to monomer alkyl esters, which can serve completely new purposes compared to virgin macromolecules. − These products can serve as biobased solvents, extraction systems, or dispersion continua .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Thermomechanical Properties of Photocured Resins Based on Curable Monomers from PLA and PHB for SLA 3D Printing

Jašek,

Melčová,

Figalla

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Biobased curable structures were synthesized from polymers poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). The curability of synthesized products and their thermomechanical properties were studied using numerous methods: FT-IR, DSC, DMA, or TGA. The reactivity of all methacrylated esters of lactic and 3-hydroxybutanoic acid was studied via DSC, and the results confirmed that all structures could be cured. The highest activation energy (E a ) was calculated for methacrylated methyl lactate, reaching 134.3 kJ•mol −1 . It was also found that all calculated activation energies had very similar values. Infrared spectroscopy was used for the study of the degrees of cure. Curable alkyl lactates exhibited significantly higher degrees of cure (approximately 95% or more) than curable 3-hydroxybutarytes (around 70%). DMA analysis confirmed that methacrylated lactates showed higher glass transition temperatures (67.1 and 49.4 °C) and storage modulus values at 40 °C (1840 and 1110 MPa) compared to methacrylated 3-hydroxybutyrates (T g of 44.4 °C and lower, and storage modules E′ around 600 MPa). The heat-resistant index calculated for all products proved the same trend: curable lactates exhibited higher heat resistivity (T S of 148.0 and 146.3) than curable 3-hydroxybutyrates (T S of 129.9 and 125.1). Synthesized and studied precursors can serve their particular purposes in fields of curable systems, and the application potential was performed via SLA 3D printing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Thermomechanical Properties of Photocured Resins Based on Curable Monomers from PLA and PHB for SLA 3D Printing

Jašek,

Melčová,

Figalla

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…6 , the pure HDPE has lower peaks compared with blended biochar/HDPE composites, and this can lead to conclude that most functional groups (peaks) of the composites are developed due to the addition of the pine wood biochar. From the FTIR analysis, almost no new functional groups or change of functional groups are observed due to the hot molding process [ 56 ]. However, the FTIR analysis of the un-pyrolyzed pine wood biochar/HDPE composites showed different peaks due to the presence of volatile matter, ash and other residues that need to be removed during pyrolysis [ 57 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of biochar/HDPE composites and characterization of the effects of carbon loadings on the electromagnetic shielding properties

Fenta,

Ali

2024

Heliyon

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“…Therefore, the biodegradability of the pure CMC film and CMC film containing chitosan and cellulose derivatives was evaluated ( Figure 6 ). To enhance the biodegradability of CMC, natural plasticizers were added, including bio-based polylactic acid (PLA) as a control to compare the level of biodegradability with other known biodegradable materials [ 52 , 53 ]. After a testing period of 35 days, the accumulated CO 2 (mg) values were determined as follows: 264.92 for CMC film, 281.45 for CMC/O-CMCh film, 287.78 for CMC/HTCMCh film, 289.08 for CMC/HACC film, 290.46 for CMC/CNC, 296.12 for CMC/CNF, and 108.83 for PLA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chitosan and Cellulose Derivatives on Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Films: A Study of Rheological Properties of Film-Forming Solutions

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Bio-based packaging materials and efficient drug delivery systems have garnered attention in recent years. Among the soluble cellulose derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stands out as a promising candidate due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and wide resources. However, CMC-based films have limited mechanical properties, which hinders their widespread application. This paper aims to address this issue by exploring the molecular interactions between CMC and various additives with different molecular structures, using the rheological method. The additives include O-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMCh), N-2-hydroxypropyl-3-trimethylammonium-O-carboxymethyl chitosan (HTCMCh), hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibers (CNF). By investigating the rheological properties of film-forming solutions, we aimed to elucidate the influencing mechanisms of the additives on CMC-based films at the molecular level. Various factors affecting rheological properties, such as molecular structure, additive concentration, and temperature, were examined. The results revealed that the interactions between CMC and the additives were dependent on the charge of the additives. Electrostatic interactions were observed for HACC and HTCMCh, while O-CMCh, CNC, and CNF primarily interacted through hydrogen bonds. Based on these rheological properties, several systems were selected to prepare the films, which exhibited excellent transparency, wettability, mechanical properties, biodegradability, and absence of cytotoxicity. The desirable characteristics of these selected films demonstrated the strong biocompatibility between CMC and chitosan and cellulose derivatives. This study offers insights into the preparation of CMC-based food packaging materials with specific properties.

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Reducing the environmental impacts of plastics while increasing strength: Biochar fillers in biodegradable, recycled, and fossil-fuel derived plastics

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Study of the Thermomechanical Properties of Photocured Resins Based on Curable Monomers from PLA and PHB for SLA 3D Printing

Study of the Thermomechanical Properties of Photocured Resins Based on Curable Monomers from PLA and PHB for SLA 3D Printing

Development of biochar/HDPE composites and characterization of the effects of carbon loadings on the electromagnetic shielding properties

Effects of Chitosan and Cellulose Derivatives on Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Films: A Study of Rheological Properties of Film-Forming Solutions

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