Reducing Short-Wavelength Blue Light in Dry Eye Patients with Unstable Tear Film Improves Performance on Tests of Visual Acuity

Kaido, Minako; Toda, Ikuko; Kawashima, Motoko; Katada, Yusaku; Tsubota, Kazuo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152936

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…After 19 duplicates were removed, we screened the remaining 99 references and obtained the full‐text reports of 15 references for further assessment. Twelve of these were eliminated (see Table of Excluded Studies in File S2 and three RCTs that met the a priori criteria for inclusion were included in the final analysis (see Characteristics of Included Studies in File S3. We did not identify any on‐going studies from our searches of the clinical trials registries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of blue‐light blocking spectacle lenses on visual performance, macular health and the sleep‐wake cycle: a systematic review of the literature

Lawrenson

Hull

Downie

2017

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

124

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Purpose: Blue-blocking (BB) spectacle lenses, which attenuate short-wavelength light, are being marketed to alleviate eyestrain and discomfort when using digital devices, improve sleep quality and potentially confer protection from retinal phototoxicity. The aim of this review was to investigate the relative benefits and potential harms of these lenses. Methods: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), recruiting adults from the general population, which investigated the effect of BB spectacle lenses on visual performance, symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue, changes to macular integrity and subjective sleep quality. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and clinical trial registers, until 30 April 2017. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Results: Three studies (with 136 participants) met our inclusion criteria; these had limitations in study design and/or implementation. One study compared the effect of BB lenses with clear lenses on contrast sensitivity (CS) and colour vision (CV) using a pseudo-RCT crossover design; there was no observed difference between lens types (log CS; Mean Difference (MD) = À0.01 [À0.03, 0.01], CV total error score on 100-hue; MD = 1. 30 [À7.84, 10.44]). Another study measured critical fusion frequency (CFF), as a proxy for eye fatigue, on wearers of low and high BB lenses, pre-and post-a two-hour computer task. There was no observed difference between low BB and standard lens groups, but there was a less negative change in CFF between the high and low BB groups (MD = 1. 81 [0.57, 3.05]). Both studies compared eyestrain symptoms with Likert scales. There was no evidence of inter-group differences for either low BB (MD = 0.00 [À0.22, 0.22]) or high BB lenses (MD = À0.05 [À0.31, 0.21]), nor evidence of a difference in the proportion of participants showing an improvement in symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue. One study reported a small improvement in sleep quality in people with self-reported insomnia after wearing high compared to low-BB lenses (MD = 0.80 [0.17, 1.43]) using a 10-point Likert scale. A study involving normal participants found no observed difference in sleep quality. We found no studies investigating effects on macular structure or function. Conclusions: We find a lack of high quality evidence to support using BB spectacle lenses for the general population to improve visual performance or sleep quality, alleviate eye fatigue or conserve macular health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of blue‐light blocking spectacle lenses on visual performance, macular health and the sleep‐wake cycle: a systematic review of the literature

Lawrenson

Hull

Downie

2017

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

124

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“…15 In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of blue-light shield eyewear and blue-light cut LEDs on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as anthropometric data. We have previously reported that blue-light shield eyewear was beneficial in protecting against retinal damage, 16 reducing eye fatigue, 17 relieving dry eyes, 18 and improving sleep quality. 4 The eyewear used in this study more strongly reduces blue light than those we used previously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Blue Light at Night Ameliorates Metabolic Abnormalities by Controlling Circadian Rhythms

Nagai

Ayaki

Yanagawa

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Light-emitting diodes that emit high-intensity blue light are associated with blue-light hazard. Here, we report that blue light disturbs circadian rhythms by interfering with the clock gene in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and that suppression of blue light at night ameliorates metabolic abnormalities by controlling circadian rhythms. METHODS. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 10-lux light for 30 minutes at Zeitgeber time 14 for light pulse with blue light or blue-light cut light to induce phase shift of circadian rhythms. Phase shift, clock gene expression in SCN, and metabolic parameters were analyzed. In the clinical study, healthy participants wore blue-light shield eyewear for 2 to 3 hours before bed. Anthropometric data analyses, laboratory tests, and sleep quality questionnaires were performed before and after the study. RESULTS. In mice, phase shift induced with a blue-light cut light pulse was significantly shorter than that induced with a white light pulse. The phase of Per2 expression in the SCN was also delayed after a white light pulse. Moreover, blood glucose levels 48 hours after the white light pulse were higher than those after the blue-cut light pulse. Irs2 expression in the liver was decreased with white light but significantly recovered with the blue-cut light pulse. In a clinical study, after 1 month of wearing blue-light shield eyeglasses, there were improvements in fasting plasma glucose levels, insulin resistance, and sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that suppression of blue light at night effectively maintains circadian rhythms and metabolism.

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“…Since younger generations spend a significant part of their day looking at various screens highly emitting in the blue spectrum [13,14], this "rejuvenation" is not surprising. Indeed, there are numerous studies describing the appearance and/or worsening of DED signs and symptoms in visual display users [15][16][17][18]. The global pathogenesis of DED as well as the relationship between DED and exposure to visible light specifically are still not clear [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue light phototoxicity toward human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells in basal and hyperosmolar conditions

Marek

Mélik-Parsadaniantz

Villette

et al. 2018

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Reducing Short-Wavelength Blue Light in Dry Eye Patients with Unstable Tear Film Improves Performance on Tests of Visual Acuity

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of blue‐light blocking spectacle lenses on visual performance, macular health and the sleep‐wake cycle: a systematic review of the literature

The effect of blue‐light blocking spectacle lenses on visual performance, macular health and the sleep‐wake cycle: a systematic review of the literature

Suppression of Blue Light at Night Ameliorates Metabolic Abnormalities by Controlling Circadian Rhythms

Blue light phototoxicity toward human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells in basal and hyperosmolar conditions

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