Reducing Seismic Risk of School Buildings in Venezuela

López, Óscar; Hernández, Julio J.; Re, Gianina Del; Puig, José; Espinosa, Luis F

doi:10.1193/1.2791000

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Conversely, it should be noted that the use of the proposed benefit-cost analysis is only valid as an indicative comparison of the economical advantages among alternatives (Doorn and Hansson 2011). The sources of uncertainties can be reduced by detailing the information for the buildings characteristics distribution across the country and can be solved by developing a reasonable description of the common schools typologies as shown in Lopez et al (2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing Interventions to Reduce Seismic Vulnerability in School Facilities in Colombia

et al. 2015

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Colombian seismic code NSR-98 establishes the requirement for the seismic vulnerability analysis and, if necessary, the strengthening of public facilities (schools). Due to the investments required by risk reduction programs, it is necessary to establish criteria for assigning priorities for the interventions. This article proposes a methodology for obtaining a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) at the subnational level, by assessing the expected annual average loss of the built area of public schools and the retrofitting cost. The BCR is estimated as the difference between the estimates of the net present value for status quo and retrofitted states, these two divided by the retrofitting costs. According to the BCR, 47.3% of the total school built area of Colombia should be retrofitted where the retrofitting costs correspond to 25% of the total investment. Proposed BCR is useful for prioritizing regions in function of the feasibility of reducing the seismic vulnerability of the schools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing Interventions to Reduce Seismic Vulnerability in School Facilities in Colombia

et al. 2015

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“…The development of surveys and field inspections in order to identify the structural typologies, as well as the use of detailed computational models for defining their seismic performance are desirable, especially for making decisions about structural interventions (López et al 2007). Given that the time and cost required for this procedure could be large, expert's opinion can be considered, as well the description of the buildings typologies available in databases such as, for instance, the World Housing Encyclopedia-WHE (EERI-IAEE (2012), see http://www.worldhousing.net/, or the PAGER-WHE (Jaiswal et al 2010).…”

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starting from all these data, and in order to assess the seismic performance of the most common existing buildings, it is necessary to perform a detailed structural modeling and analysis, taking into account their structural characteristics, the local seismic hazard and safety requirements (see Faleiro et al 2008;Mata et al 2008;Vielma et al 2010;Vargas et al 2010;Vargas et al 2011). On this basis, alternatives for possible structural interventions are defined (López et al 2007). For seismic safety and risk management and reduction, Barbat et al (2006), Barbat et al (2008), Carreño et al (2007a), Carreño et al (2007 b), Lantada et al (2010) and Lantada et al (2011) proposed procedures for developing seismic scenarios useful to identify, at urban scale, the most critical administrative zones regarding the vulnerability of buildings and the expected losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology and applications for the benefit cost analysis of the seismic risk reduction in building portfolios at broadscale

et al. 2013

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This article presents a methodology for an estimate of the benefit cost ratio of the seismic risk reduction of buildings portfolio at broad scale, for a World region, allowing comparing the results obtained for the countries belonging to that region. This methodology encompasses: i) the generation of a set of random seismic events and the evaluation of the spectral accelerations at the buildings location; ii) the estimation of the buildings built area, the economic value, as well as the classification in structural typologies; iii) the development of vulnerability curves for each typology; iv) the estimation of the annual average loss of the buildings portfolio in the current conditions as well as in the case of a hypothetical structural intervention. The benefit cost ratio is obtained by comparing the annual average loss with the reinforcement costs. This methodology has been applied to the portfolio of public schools of fourteen countries of Latin America and The Caribbean, for evaluating the feasibility of the seismic risk reduction at a national scale.

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“…External retrofit methods for RC structures include externally adding shear walls (Kaltakci et al 2008;Ozkok et al 2009;Kaltakci et al 2010;Ozkok 2010;Bahadir et al 2013;Kaplan et al 2011;Unal et al 2013), externally adding new frames (Furukawa et al 2004;Hsiao et al 2013;Shih et al 2015;Liu et al 2016;Jung and Lee 2020;Jung et al 2021), building jacketing (Balkaya 2017;Reggio et al 2019;Di Lorenzo et al 2020), using braces externally (Badoux and Jirsa 1990;Bush et al 1991;Pincheria and Jirsa 1995;Timler and Sherstobotoff 1995;López et al 2006;López et al 2007;Gorgulu et al 2012;Mowrtage 2013;Unal and Kaltakci 2016;Ecemis et al 2021) and using buckling restrained braces externally (BRBs) (Islam et al 2006;Cao et al 2019;Sutcu et al 2020;Cao et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External strengthening of RC structures with buckling-restrained braced frames

Erdil

Özçelık

Erdal

2023

Preprint

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Four ½ scaled, 3-dimensional, 2-storey, deficient reinforced concrete (RC) specimens were examined by applying reverse static cyclic excursions. One of these specimens was the reference frame, and the others were externally strengthened using buckling-restrained braced steel frames (BRBFs). The BRBFs were connected to the RC specimens using anchorage rods. Therefore, these rods transferred the horizontal loads from the RC structure to the BRBFs. The BRBFs, as a novel lateral load-carrying mechanism, were able to withstand the lateral demands placed on the deficient RC structure. For the BRBFs, a new foundation was constructed adjacent to the existing foundations of the RC specimens, and they were connected to each other using anchorage rods. Hence, both foundations carried the forces induced by the steel and RC members with the help of anchorage rods. The test results showed that strengthening existing deficient RC buildings with BRBFs increased their rigidity, energy absorption, and load-carrying capacities when the structural RC elements remained in the elastic region or underwent limited plasticization. Thus, the strengthened RC specimens were effective at resisting the lateral demands as well as the self-weight and dead loads on them. Numerical analyses were also carried out, and the performance criteria for strengthened RC specimens were discussed in addition to the experimental studies. Thus, design proposals were presented for the exterior upgrading of RC buildings with BRBFs and their foundations.

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Reducing Seismic Risk of School Buildings in Venezuela

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Prioritizing Interventions to Reduce Seismic Vulnerability in School Facilities in Colombia

Prioritizing Interventions to Reduce Seismic Vulnerability in School Facilities in Colombia

Methodology and applications for the benefit cost analysis of the seismic risk reduction in building portfolios at broadscale

External strengthening of RC structures with buckling-restrained braced frames

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