Reducing saturation and congestion in VANET networks: Alliance‐based approach and comparisons

Abstract

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is composed mainly of fixed roadside entities (RSUs) and mobile entities (vehicles). In order to exchange information and data relating to the safety and comfort of road users, these different entities must establish communications between them. In these communications, one of the main problems is related to congestion and saturation of RSUs. In this paper, we first study the main protocols that involve RSUs in their strategy of routing by classifying them according to four levels. Furthermore, to deal with the problem of saturation of RSUs, we present a new approach of cooperation between the RSUs of a VANET in order to reduce its congestion and avoid as much as possible the saturation of these entities. This approach, called "D2A2RS" (defensive alliance-based approach for reducing RSUs saturation), is based on the concept of defensive alliances in graphs that ensures effective collaboration between RSUs. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we conduct a comparative analysis by using both analytical models and simulations. The obtained comparison results have shown the efficiency and the performance of our approach compared with other concurrent approaches in the literature in terms of packet loss/success rate, end-to-end transmission delay, and network scalability. KEYWORDSanalytical model, congestion, cooperation, defensive alliance of data processing, roadside unit (RSU), saturation, simulation, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) Int J Commun Syst. 2020;33:e4245.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dac

An Efficient Approach for the Detection and Prevention of Gray-Hole Attacks in VANETs

“…Let vehicle V i and vehicle V j are traveling in the opposite direction along the abscissa axes. The distances of the two vehicles are given in equations ( 5) and (6). From these two equations the time t at which the distance between vehicles V i and V j on the x-axis will be X ′ i − X ′ j is represented by (11).…”

“…From the architectural point of view, a VANET contains three types of components: OBUs (On-Board Units), RSUs, and Trusted Authority (TA). These components further yield three classes of communication modes: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), and Infrastructureto-Infrastructure (I2I) communications [5], [6]. VANET is the backbone of the ITS, which plays a crucial role in providing real-time and sensitive information to drivers, passengers, and traffic administrative authorities [7], [8].…”

An Efficient Dynamic Solution for the Detection and Prevention of Black Hole Attack in VANETs

“…where ∆ denotes the difference between the sequence number of the last RREP and existing R T . To further simplify the above formula for calculating the threshold value (λ), the equation can be written as Equation (13).…”

“…A VANET's nodes have unlimited energy and processing power, whereas a MANET lacks these features [11]. Within a VANET, communications are divided into three distinct categories: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and infrastructure-toinfrastructure (I2I) communications [12,13]. V2V communication is purely on an ad hoc basis, which allows for the exchange of information between vehicles over a short range.…”