Reducing Phthalate, Paraben, and Phenol Exposure from Personal Care Products in Adolescent Girls: Findings from the HERMOSA Intervention Study

Harley, Kim G.; Kogut, Katherine; Madrigal, Daniel; Cardenas, Maritza; Vera, Irene; Meza-Alfaro, Gonzalo; She, Jianwen; Gavin, Qi; Zahedi, Rana; Bradman, Asa; Eskenazi, Brenda; Parra, Kimberly

doi:10.1289/ehp.1510514

Cited by 158 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Overall, women who reported using more personal care products had higher urinary concentrations of the two measured phthalate metabolites, MEP and MBP, and of three parabens [51]. In another study of adolescent girls (Health and Environmental Research in Make-up Of Salinas Adolescents; HERMOSA) from the same area of Salinas Valley, CA, where our CHAMACOS is located, urine measurements after a three-day replacement of their usual personal care products with those with lower levels of phthalates resulted in a significant decrease of urine concentrations by 27% for MEP, but no change in MBP and MiBP [59], possibly because these latter chemicals are in other products [60–63]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in a Mexican-American Cohort: Variability in Early and Late Pregnancy

Holland

Huen

Tran

et al. 2016

Toxics

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People are exposed to phthalates through their wide use as plasticizers and in personal care products. Many phthalates are endocrine disruptors and have been associated with adverse health outcomes. However, knowledge gaps exist in understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of exposure in early and late pregnancy. In this study, we examined the relationship of eleven urinary phthalate metabolites with isoprostane, an established marker of oxidative stress, among pregnant Mexican-American women from an agricultural cohort. Isoprostane levels were on average 20% higher at 26 weeks than at 13 weeks of pregnancy. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations suggested relatively consistent phthalate exposures over pregnancy. The relationship between phthalate metabolite concentrations and isoprostane levels was significant for the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and the sum of high molecular weight metabolites with the exception of monobenzyl phthalate, which was not associated with oxidative stress at either time point. In contrast, low molecular weight metabolite concentrations were not associated with isoprostane at 13 weeks, but this relationship became stronger later in pregnancy (p-value = 0.009 for the sum of low molecular weight metabolites). Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to phthalates may influence oxidative stress, which is consistent with their relationship with obesity and other adverse health outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in a Mexican-American Cohort: Variability in Early and Late Pregnancy

Holland

Huen

Tran

et al. 2016

Toxics

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“…21–23 Cumulative assessments of environmental risk factors among socially marginalized groups have historically prioritized place-based pollution sources, such as polluting industries or high traffic density, 24, 25 however, beauty product exposures may be elevated in some of the same communities that encounter disproportionate exposures to place-based pollution. 26, 27 …”

Section: Pre-existing Vulnerabilities and Cumulative Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental injustice of beauty: framing chemical exposures from beauty products as a health disparities concern

Zota

Shamasunder

2017

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

164

162

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The ObGyn community has issued a call to action to prevent toxic environmental chemical exposures and their threats to healthy human reproduction. Recent committee opinions recognize that vulnerable and underserved women may be disproportionately impacted by environmental chemical exposures and recommend that reproductive health professionals champion policies that secure environmental justice. Beauty product use is an understudied source of environmental chemical exposures. Beauty products can include reproductive and developmental toxicants such as phthalates and heavy metals; however, disclosure requirements are limited and inconsistent. Compared to White women, women of color have higher levels of beauty product-related environmental chemicals in their bodies, independent of socioeconomic status. Even small exposures to toxic chemicals during critical periods of development, such as pregnancy, can trigger adverse health consequences such as impacts on fertility and pregnancy, neurodevelopment, and cancer. In this commentary, we seek to highlight the connections between environmental justice and beauty product-related chemical exposures. We describe racial/ethnic differences in beauty product use such as skin lighteners, hair straighteners, and feminine hygiene products as well as the potential chemical exposures and health risks associated with these products. We also discuss how targeted advertising can take advantage of mainstream beauty norms to influence use of these products. Reproductive health professionals can use this information to advance environmental justice by being prepared to counsel patients who have questions about toxic environmental exposures from beauty care products and other sources. Researchers and health care providers can also promote health-protective policies such as improved ingredient testing and disclosure for the beauty product industry. Future clinical and public health research should consider beauty product use as a factor that may shape health inequities in women’s reproductive health across the life course.

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“…Human exposure is nearly ubiquitous and comes from diet, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals (Guo and Kannan, 2013; Moreta et al, 2015). Although rapidly metabolized, the common detection of phenols and parabens in U.S. adults indicates exposure is nearly continuous (Calafat et al, 2010, 2008, 2007a, 2007b; Gerona et al, 2016; Harley et al, 2016; Jukic et al, 2016; Meeker et al, 2013; Mortensen et al, 2014; Smith et al, 2012). The primary source of exposure may vary by source population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and exposure classification of urinary phenol and paraben metabolite concentrations in reproductive-aged women

Pollack

Perkins

Sjaarda

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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Background Human exposure to phenols and parabens is widespread. Within-person variability of urinary concentrations in healthy women is not well characterized. Objectives To characterize the variability of urinary phenol and paraben concentrations across two months and evaluate the ability of a single spot urine sample to characterize exposure. Methods 143 women provided 509 spot urine samples collected across two months of study (3–5 samples/woman). We measured urinary concentrations of 8 phenols: bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), triclosan (TCS); and 8 parabens and their metabolites (benzyl (BzP), butyl (BuP), ethyl (EtP), heptyl (HeP), methyl (MeP), propyl (PrP), 4-hydro-xybenzoic acid (4-HB), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHB)). Biomarker variability was characterized using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and surrogate category analyses were conducted. Results ICCs ranged from very low for BPA (0.04) to moderate for BP-3, BP-1, TCS, BzP, and MeP (0.66, 0.58, 0.55, 0.54, and 0.62, respectively). Surrogate analyses suggested that BP-1, BP-3, TCS, 2,4-DCP, BuP, and PrP may be characterized by a single spot sample (sensitivity range 0.76–0.86) but that additional samples were necessary for BPA, HeP, 4-HB, and 3,4-DHB (sensitivity range 0.47–0.61). Conclusions Urinary phenol and paraben metabolite concentrations were variable across two months in healthy women but the degree of reliability differed by the specific biomarker. A small number of samples may sufficiently characterize typical concentrations for BP-3, BP-1, TCS, BuP, and PrP; but additional biospecimens may be necessary to characterize exposure for other compounds, including BPA.

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Reducing Phthalate, Paraben, and Phenol Exposure from Personal Care Products in Adolescent Girls: Findings from the HERMOSA Intervention Study

Cited by 158 publications

References 38 publications

Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in a Mexican-American Cohort: Variability in Early and Late Pregnancy

Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in a Mexican-American Cohort: Variability in Early and Late Pregnancy

The environmental injustice of beauty: framing chemical exposures from beauty products as a health disparities concern

Variability and exposure classification of urinary phenol and paraben metabolite concentrations in reproductive-aged women

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