The regenerator reactor of the calcium looping (Ca-L) process requires the fuel combustion to provide heat for calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) decomposition. In this study, the dried sewage sludge (DSS) and the hydrothermally treated sludge (HTS) were used as fuels. The effect of the hydrothermal temperature on the NO x emission characteristics of HTS samples was studied. Meanwhile, the effect of the sludge combustion on the decomposition characteristic of CaCO 3 was also investigated in this study. Results showed that the hydrothermal treatment was an effective way to reduce the NO x emissions from sludge combustion in the O 2 /CO 2 atmosphere. The NO x reduction ratio significantly increases from 6.05 to 40.46% as the hydrothermal temperature increases from 200 to 280 °C. The good pore structure is formed during the CaCO 3 decomposition process. This promotes the adsorption of organic matter released during the DSS combustion and decreases the relative decomposition ratio of CaCO 3 . However, the relative decomposition ratio under the effect of the HTS combustion is improved due to the smaller volatile content in HTS. The chemical reaction model and two-dimensional diffusion control model are the best fitting for the two stages of the CaCO 3 decomposition.