Reducing methane production by supplementation ofTerminalia chebulaRETZ. containing tannins and saponins

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of Terminalia chebula Retz. meal supplementation on rumen fermentation and methane (CH4 ) production by using an in vitro gas technique. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) and the dietary treatments were T. chebula supplementation at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg with 0.5 g of roughage and concentrate ratio at 60:40. The results revealed that cumulative gas production (96 h of incubation) were higher (P < 0.01) with T. chebula supplementation at 12, 16 and 20 mg than other treatments. However, in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were not significantly different among treatments (P > 0.05). The NH3 -N concentrations tended to quadratically increase with increasing levels of T. chebula in the diet. In addition, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and propionate concentrations were increased (P < 0.01), while acetate concentration, acetate-to-propionate ratio, CH4 production and protozoal populations were decreased (P < 0.01) when supplemented with T. chebula at 8, 12 and 16 mg, respectively. Based on this study, it could be concluded that supplementation of T. chebula at 12 mg could improve rumen fermentation by reducing CH4 production and protozoa populations, thus improving in vitro gas production and VFA profiles.

<i>In vitro</i> fermentation, digestibility and methane production as influenced by <i>Delonix regia</i> seed meal containing tannins and saponins

“…Moreover, tannins may also inhibit, through bactericidal or bacteriostatic activities, the growth or activity of rumen methanogen and protozoa, likely by binding proteins and enzymes of the microbial cells. The current study is in agreement with the data of Anantasook et al (2016), who found that supplementing secondary plant compounds from Terminalia chebula Retz (containing 8.4% condensed tannins and 9.9% saponins) at a dose of 12 mg reduced CH 4 production by 60.9% in an in vitro experiment. Furthermore, the CH 4 concentration was reduced by 88.3% when dairy steer were fed with grape pomace powder as a source of tannins and saponins (Foiklang et al, 2016).…”

“…Therefore, an increase in propionate production would be expected if propionate formation has become an alternative pathway for H 2 extirpation in rumen. These results are in agreement with the findings of Anantasook et al (2016), who reported that C3 concentration could increase at 4.1% with the supplementation of tannins and saponins from T. chebula at a dose of 12 mg. Similarly, Foiklang et al (2016) also found that the supplementation of grape pomace powder as a source of tannins and saponins in dairy steer increased C3 concentration by 6.9% when compared to control.…”

“…Guo et al (2008) demonstrated that saponins inhibited the expression of the methylcoenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene which takes part in the final step of methanogenesis. In addition, the CH 4 -suppressing effects of saponins were presumably a direct action against the rumen microbes involved in CH 4 formation, including methanogens and protozoa (Cieslak et al, 2013(Cieslak et al, , 2016Anantasook et al, 2016). Similar findings were found in this study: the protozoal population was also linearly reduced with increased DR seed meal levels Table 3.…”

“…However, propionic acid (C3) content was altered among DR seed meal levels and was the highest with 11.7 mg DR seed meal inclusion. Anantasook et al (2016) explained that condensed tannins present in plants may be suppressing CH 4 production by shifting hydrogen from the CH 4 pathway to produce C3. Moreover, saponins may also induce rechanneling of metabolic hydrogen from CH 4 to C3 production (Kara et al, 2015).…”

In vitro rumen fermentation and methane production as affected by rambutan peel powder

“…However, ruminal NH 3 -N concentrations were not affected by RPP supplementation at 16 and 20 mg in the current study. Similarly, Anantasook et al (2016) reported that NH 3 -N concentration was the lowest when supplemented with Terminalia chebula Retz. containing tannins and saponins at 12 mg/0.5 g DM, while the highest was in the 20 mg/0.5 g DM supplementation group.…”