Reducing leakage current and dielectric losses of electroactive polymers through electro-annealing for high-voltage actuation

Pedroli, Francesco; Marrani, Alessio; Le, Minh‐Quyen; Sanséau, Olivier; Cottinet, Pierre‐Jean; Capsal, Jean‐Fabien

doi:10.1039/c9ra01469a

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…As reported in literature 19,20 and in our previous works 10,13 , terpolymer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) commonly exhibits a purely electrostrictive behavior. Indeed, the mechanical strain response shows a quadric dependence with the applied electric field, and as a result, its direction is not dependent on the polarity of the voltage excitation.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Subsequently, casted films are heated up at 70 °C for 1 h to ensure complete solvent removal. Films are then peeled off and placed on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) foils, and thermal annealing at 102 °C is performed to promote crystallinity 13 . The annealing temperature was chosen as the onset of the melting peak for the second melting of terpolymer powder that was determined via DSC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of beta-based sterilization on P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer for medical applications

Schiava¹,

Pedroli²,

Thetpraphi³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Electroactive polymers (EAP) are one of the latest generations of flexible actuators, enabling new approaches to propulsion and maneuverability. Among them, poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene), abbreviated terpolymer, with its multifunctional sensing and actuating abilities as well as its impressive electrostrictive behavior, especially when being doped with an plasticizer, has been demonstrated to be a good candidate for the development of low-cost flexible guidewire tip for endovascular surgery. To minimize the possibility of bacterial, fungal, or viral disease transmission, all medical instruments (especially components made from polymers) must be sterilized before introduction into the patient. Gamma/beta (γ/β) irradiation is considered to be one of the most efficient techniques for targeted reduction of microbials and viruses under low temperature, often without drastic alterations in device properties. However, radiation may cause some physical and chemical changes in polymers. A compromise is required to ensure sufficient radiation for microbial deactivation but minimal radiation to retain the material's properties. The main idea of this study aims at assessing the electromechanical performances and thermal/dielectric properties of β-irradiated terpolymer-based sterilization treatment. Ionizing β-rays did not cause any significant risk to the neat/plasticized terpolymers, confirming the reliability of such electrostrictive materials for medical device development.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of beta-based sterilization on P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer for medical applications

Schiava¹,

Pedroli²,

Thetpraphi³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Ideal dielectrics are assumed to be perfect insulators 36 (that is, they present infinite resistivity). However, in reality, their resistivity is finite, leading to a passage of current when subjected to applied voltages commonly known as current leakage 36,37 . This leakage is often undesirable, as it decreases the effective electric field needed for the functioning of multiple devices and promotes material degradation processes [37][38][39] .…”

Section: Electric Field Leakage Through Dielectric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in reality, their resistivity is finite, leading to a passage of current when subjected to applied voltages commonly known as current leakage 36,37 . This leakage is often undesirable, as it decreases the effective electric field needed for the functioning of multiple devices and promotes material degradation processes [37][38][39] . In materials often used in nanopores, such as SiO2, Si3N4 and Al2O3, this leakage is often associated with Poole-Frenkel effects 36,40 and it manifests at voltages of the order of 10 8 V/m 41 .…”

Section: Electric Field Leakage Through Dielectric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slowing Down DNA Translocation through Solid-State Nanopores by Edge-Field Leakage

Wang

Sensale

Pan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Solid-state nanopores allow high-throughput single-molecule detection but identifying and even registering all translocating small molecules remain key challenges due to their high translocation speeds. We show here the same electric field that drives the molecules into the pore can selectively pin and delay their transport. A thin high-permittivity dielectric coating on slender bullet-shaped polymer nanopores permits electric field leakage at the pore tip to produce a voltage-dependent surface field on the upper periphery of the pore that can reversibly edge-pin entering molecules that can absorb conformally to the tip corner. This localized tip field renders molecular entry an activated process with sensitive exponential dependence on the bias voltage and molecular rigidity. The exponential sensitivity allows us to selectively prolong the translocation time of short single-stranded DNA molecules by up to 5 orders of magnitude, allowing discrimination against their double-stranded duplexes with 97% confidence. We show evidence that the leak-field pinned single-stranded DNA actually absorbs onto the edge before entering the pore, yielding translocation times as long as minutes.

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“…We observed that the current behavior of the plasticized terpolymer at a applied high electric field ( E ≥ 10V μm −1 ) is unconventional with respect to pure terpolymer and other electrostrictive polymers . According to empirical modeling, an estimated permittivity from Equation using experimental current allows to evaluate the electromechanical response of the plasticized terpolymer at a high applied voltage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Plasticized Electroactive Polymers Actuators for Active Optical Applications: Live Mirror

et al. 2020

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The flexibility and semicrystalline structure of electroactive polymers (EAPs) allows a variety of electroactivity developments. The EAPs have been attractive in many sensor-actuator technology fields, especially for electromechanical response [1] in piezoelectric, electrostrictive, and ferroelectric materials. We characterize the response of these polymers to an external electric field with their 1) electrical properties (permittivity, dielectric relaxation, and electrical breakdown) and 2) mechanical properties (Young's modulus). [2] Both characteristics ultimately affect their electromechanical effectiveness. Customized and optimized EAPs have many applications such as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, [3] enhancing cardiac regeneration, [4] haptic feedback, [5] and tactile sensors. [6] The development of different methods to achieve an excellent actuation response of EAPs was investigated in the polymer/ composite, [7] blended polymer, [8] and structural design [9,10] to improve intrinsic properties. Xia et al. [11] introduced a novel relaxor ferroelectric polymer, leading to the future improvement of EAPs for a broader range of electronic applications. Terpolymers P(VDF-TrFE-CFE/CTFE) presenting the combination of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase yield a high dielectric constant (ϵ r % 70) and large electromechanical reaction. However, the main drawback of these polymers has been their high electric field requirement (E > 100 V μm À1 ) [12] to reach sufficient strain. Hence, the introduction of the terpolymer/composite including an effective fabrication processing/assembly has been investigated to enhance electromechanical effectiveness. [12,13] This motivates the investigation of advanced terpolymer composites by simply adding the plasticizer agent into the terpolymer matrix. The plasticizer molecule leads to the increased molecular mobility of the polymer chains, resulting in an increasing dielectric permittivity and a decrease in the Young's modulus of the material. The charge trapping at the boundaries of the heterogeneous morphology tends to induce large Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization effects. Such an adaptation technique is able to exploit electromechanical coupling through areas of functional sensor-actuator fabrication technology. [13] During the last 10 years, EAPs have been used in several actuator applications, such as artificial muscles, [14] micropumps, [15,16] and smart steerable guidelines. [17] As a result of their flexible and excellent electromechanical properties, EAPs have become attractive soft-actuator candidates in electronic devices. Furthermore, the free-formable attribute of EAPs presents the possibility to carry out numerous different designs. Considering the manufacturing process of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials for

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Reducing leakage current and dielectric losses of electroactive polymers through electro-annealing for high-voltage actuation

Abstract: The electro-annealed polymer, the E-TH sample, shows a reduction in leakage current of 80% for very high electric fields.

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Effect of beta-based sterilization on P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer for medical applications

Effect of beta-based sterilization on P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer for medical applications

Slowing Down DNA Translocation through Solid-State Nanopores by Edge-Field Leakage

Advanced Plasticized Electroactive Polymers Actuators for Active Optical Applications: Live Mirror

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