Reducing iron accumulation: A potential approach for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Abstract

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a systemic bone metabolism disease, characterized by progressive bone loss following menopause and a subsequent increase in fracture risk. Estrogen deficiency as a result of menopause is known to increase bone resorption and accelerate bone loss. Furthermore, postmenopausal women may exhibit iron accumulation, in addition to estrogen deficiency. Elevated iron levels are a risk factor for PMOP in postmenopausal women, and reducing the iron overload has been demonstrated to benefit bone cell metabolism and improve the bone by normalizing osteoclastic bone resorption and formation. The identification of hepcidin was a key development in the field of iron metabolism in the previous decade. We hypothesize that hepcidin may aid in the prevention and treatment of PMOP due to its capacity to control body iron stores and its intrinsic effects on osteoblast function. The aim of the current review was to highlight the role of iron accumulation in the pathogenesis of PMOP and to evaluate the possible use of hepcidin as a potential therapy for this condition.

Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Promoted Bone Mineralization and Inhibited Bone Resorption Which Reversed Glucocorticoids-Induced Osteoporosis

“…Quantitative analysis of the area of mineralized bones (AMB) and cumulative optical density (COD) was performed as our previously described [ 27 , 28 ]. Images of the ventral aspect of larvae skulls (ARS stained) were acquired using the Inverted fluorescence microscope (Olympus IX71/IX81, Olympus Corporation, Japan).…”

Systematic Analysis of the Maize OSCA Genes Revealing ZmOSCA Family Members Involved in Osmotic Stress and ZmOSCA2.4 Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

“…The proline is an important osmotic adjustment substance. Previous studies have shown that proline can maintain the intracellular osmotic balance, thereby reducing the severity of cell damage when plants exposed to osmotic stress [18,19]. Three genes expressed in the two modules contained DUF221 domain, which were characteristic of calcium-permeable stress-gated channel proteins (Table S1).…”

Iron-enriched diet contributes to early onset of osteoporotic phenotype in a mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis

“…A significant percentage of HH patients develop low bone mass (74–79%), eventually resulting in OP (25–34%) that worsens with age [ 9 , 10 ]. HH-related OP results from the imbalance between bone formation and resorption leading to deterioration of bone microarchitecture and increased fracture risk [ 2 , 9 , 11 ]. OP onset and progression are subject to synergistic factors, such as a decrease in levels of estrogen and progesterone in postmenopausal women, associated with iron overload and oxidative stress [ 2 , 11 ].…”

“…HH-related OP results from the imbalance between bone formation and resorption leading to deterioration of bone microarchitecture and increased fracture risk [ 2 , 9 , 11 ]. OP onset and progression are subject to synergistic factors, such as a decrease in levels of estrogen and progesterone in postmenopausal women, associated with iron overload and oxidative stress [ 2 , 11 ]. Nutrition is also an important variable in OP pathophysiology since a disruption of the nutritional equilibrium of several essential minerals, like Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn, as well as iron overload associated with diet and age, have been described as factors that can contribute to OP [ 8 , 12 , 13 ].…”