“…Both the World Health Organization and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations provide recommendations on environmental noise levels in acute care units because high environmental noise is associated with negative physical and psychological effects for patients (Mazer, 2006(Mazer, , 2012Nightingale, 1860;World Health Organization, 2009). The most controllable aspect of environmental noise is how loud nurses talk (Kahn et al, 1998), but modifying the volume of nursing conversations has been difficult and often unsuccessful (Kol, Demircan, Erdoğan, Gencer, & Erengin, 2015;Konkani, Oakley, & Penprase, 2014;Qutub & El-Said, 2009;TaylorFord, Catlin, LaPlante, & Weinke, 2008). The normal status of all participants was verified via video-stroboscopic laryngeal examination after passing an initial interview demonstrating a history without vocal difficulties, normal auditory-perceptual voice quality as judged by a speechlanguage pathologist, and no reported history of hearing impairment.…”