Reducing Firearms Violence Through Directed Police Patrol*

McGarrell, Edmund F.; Chermak, Steven M.; Weiss, Alexander; Wilson, Jeremy M.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2001.tb00079.x

Cited by 121 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore proactive strategies-confiscating illegally carried firearms by maximizing the number of police-citizen contacts, ensuing frisks, and/or ensuing searches of pedestrians or automobiles to increase detection of illegally carried firearms-seem like reasonable and effective police aims for preventing firearm violence (Kleck, 1991;Moore, 1980). Several published studies have found that enforcing laws forbidding carrying concealed weapons without a permit deters illegal firearm carrying and subsequent shootings (Cohen & Ludwig, 2003;McGarrell, Chermak, Weiss, & Wilson, 2001;Moore, 1980;Sherman & Rogan, 1995;Villaveces et al, 2000). Important questions about and limitations of this work, however, remain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Deterrence, Firearm Arrests, and Subsequent Shootings: A Micro-Level Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Wyant¹,

Taylor²,

Ratcliffe³

et al. 2012

Justice Quarterly

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Do police firearm arrests reduce later shootings in nearby locations and in the days immediately following the arrest? This question is examined at a more detailed level than in previous work in order to better describe the spatio-temporal dynamics linking these two event types. All firearm arrests (n = 5,687) and shootings (n = 5,870) analyzed using a modified Knox close-pair method. Following a firearm arrest shootings declined significantly, 28-47% up to a couple of blocks away. These significant declines, however, lasted for just a few days. Overall, results suggest police firearm suppression effects occur, may extend up to two blocks away from a firearm arrest, but also are short-lived. Potential implications for deterrence are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Deterrence, Firearm Arrests, and Subsequent Shootings: A Micro-Level Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Wyant¹,

Taylor²,

Ratcliffe³

et al. 2012

Justice Quarterly

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show abstract

“…Police claim that high levels of such police proactivity have crime-control benefits, and research tends to bear those claims out (Boydstun 1975; Sampson and Cohen 1988;Whitaker et al 1985; Wilson and Boland 1978; also see Cohen and Ludwig 2003;McGarrell et al 2001;Sherman and Rogan 1995;Rosenfeld et al 2014). But critics point to frequent violations of constitutional limits on police authority, and racially disparate impacts, as reasons to more closely regulate police-initiated contacts.…”

Section: Survey Methodologies the Police Services Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirage of Police Reform: Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy

Worden¹,

McLean²

2017

125

137

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“…It is assumed that heightened surveillance and a greater police presence will lower violent crime (Marvell and Moody, 1996). Programs differ in specifics of operation, but a common strategy is to utilize patrol or traffic stops in order to search for illegal weapons and reduce firearms violence (Sherman and Rogan, 1995;McGarrell, Chermak, Weiss, and Wilson, 2001), or to monitor hot spots and decrease crime in general (Cordner, 1981;Sherman and Weisburd, 1995). Nightwatch can be considered a form of directed patrol, but the police work in concert with DJOs rather than alone.…”

Section: Chapter Two Program Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterrent Effect of Curfew Enforcement: Operation Nightwatch in St. Louis, 2003-2005

Urban¹

2005

ICPSR Data Holdings

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the curfew check program in St. Louis, Missouri, known as Nightwatch, to determine whether the program meets its stated goals of reducing recidivism and victimization, as well as the mechanism by which this is accomplished. The rationale behind the program is that the threat of formal controls by way of home visits and sanctions will elicit compliance with curfew and increase the perception of certainty of punishment, and that juveniles who must remain at home will have fewer opportunities for crime and victimization experiences. Perceptual deterrence and lifestyle and routine activity theories were used to test this rationale.The research design consists of a pre test with multiple post tests. A purposive sample of 118 offenders recently referred to the juvenile court for an official charge was selected and surveys administered. The experimental group consists of juveniles who received Nightwatch visits, the comparison group consists of juveniles with comparable demographic and offense characteristics, who did not receive visits.Results of the process evaluation reveal that the program functions well in terms of execution of home visits, but that record keeping and number of visits are inconsistent with stated procedures. The outcome evaluation revealed that between Time 1 and Time 2 the experimental group had significantly fewer self-report delinquency and victimization incidents. The comparison group had significantly more victimization experiences between these two time points. The mechanism for the reduction in delinquency appears to be opportunity rather than a change in perceptions. Thus, the juveniles apparently changed their behavior but not their perceptions of certainty of punishment. Several policy and research implications are presented.This study should not be generalized directly to other sites, given the small sample size, high rate of attrition, and that it is limited to only one study site. Jurisdictions considering a curfew check program such as Nightwatch must carefully consider budgetary, logistic, and feasibility issues prior to considering implementation.ii

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Reducing Firearms Violence Through Directed Police Patrol*

Cited by 121 publications

References 24 publications

Deterrence, Firearm Arrests, and Subsequent Shootings: A Micro-Level Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Deterrence, Firearm Arrests, and Subsequent Shootings: A Micro-Level Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Mirage of Police Reform: Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy

Deterrent Effect of Curfew Enforcement: Operation Nightwatch in St. Louis, 2003-2005

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