Reducing Excessive Water Production Associated With Gas Hydrate Reservoirs Using a Thermal In-Situ Heating-Inhibitor Method

Abstract

Gas hydrates are one of the most abundant sources of energy present today. They are formed at high pressures and low temperatures, and contain mainly water and methane. When dissociated, a large volume of water forms, much of which is produced. This research performs a simulation study on how to decrease the volume of water produced from gas hydrate reservoirs by utilizing an in-situ heating method combined with a low concentration thermodynamic inhibitor injection. Since gas hydrates form at high pressures and low temperatures, depressurizing the reservoir, or increasing its temperature would cause the solid hydrates to become unstable, and dissociate. The research begins by building a hydrate reservoir model using almost the same description of the models present in the literature in order to compare the results obtained. Several simulation runs were then performed using various production methods, several types of inhibitors, and finally testing and optimizing the newly proposed production method which combines thermal stimulation with inhibitor injection. The optimization process involves testing the novel method using 5-spot, 7-spot, and 9-spot production methods. The effect of each variable on the water recovery was studied, and the conditions under which the lowest water recovery were obtained. The highest water production occurred during glycol injection since it had the largest endurance to hydrate reformation and thus the largest water flow duration. When the glycol was combined with the thermal stimulation method however, the lowest water recovery was obtained. This is mainly due to two factors which include high rate of depletion of reservoir pressure, and the significant decrease in glycol concentration when used with thermal stimulation. This novel production method was chosen as the best method in terms of low water recovery based on a comparison of its recovery with that of all the other methods. The second task was to further optimize this method by introducing several well patterns and comparing their performance to that of the single well case. The largest number of wells, 9-spot pattern, was found to have the lowest water recovery due to the extremely high rate of reservoir pressure depletion. Gas hydrate production is still considered in its preliminary steps due to the complexity of hydrate reservoirs. By understating the mechanism by which these reservoirs can flow, and trying to reduce the excessive water production associated with these reservoirs a better understating of how to economically and safely produce from gas hydrate reservoirs is reached. This may lead to the utilization of this source of energy in the near future.

Modeling and Adoption of Technological Solutions in Order to Enhance the Effectiveness of Measures to Limit Water Inflows into Oil Wells under Conditions of Uncertainty

“…Furthermore, water obtained at a low oil-to-water ratio (WOR) maintains the profitability of the production well [1]. Efforts to decrease this form of water loss result in a reduction in oil production [4,7]. Conversely, eliminating and reducing unwanted water production is essential to enhance the profitability and efficiency of production wells.…”

“…An analysis of the material accumulated to date shows the need to apply modern methods in this case, which allow substantiating and clarifying the criteria necessary for making a decision and evaluating the effectiveness of decisions both from technological and economic perspectives. For this, it is necessary to study the influence of physical, geological, and technological factors on the performance indicators of solutions [6,7]. Based on this, this article proposes a calculation scheme for constructing models of decision efficiency indicators depending on a number of technological, geological, and physical factors.…”

Towards Gas Hydrate-Free Pipelines: A Comprehensive Review of Gas Hydrate Inhibition Techniques

“…They originate at high pressures and low temperatures, and are primarily made up of water and methane. When water molecules are dissociated, a tremendous amount of water is created [38]. However, their formation in pipelines causes huge issues to the oil and gas industry.…”

Overview of Water Shutoff Operations in Oil and Gas Wells; Chemical and Mechanical Solutions

“…Additionally, fractures and open features can contribute to unwanted water production when they are connected to water formations/zones [9]. Gas hydrate reservoirs can be also a main source of excessive water production when dissociated [10]. Another common source of unwanted water production is water coning.…”