Reducing environmental burdens of solid-state lighting through end-of-life design

Hendrickson, Chris; Matthews, Deanna H.; Ashe, M; Jaramillo, Paulina; McMichael, Francis C.

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014016

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…For example, long lifetimes can enable design where it is possible to repair, reuse and upgrade components or complete lighting solutions (Dzombak et al 2017;Hendrickson et al 2010). In turn, longer lifetimes may make efforts to design with modularity and standardisation more viable.…”

Section: More Ambitious Mandatory Ecodesign Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Currently, several manufacturers are promoting the long life of LED lamps as a valuable attribute to consumers, with many now sold claiming lifetimes exceeding 50,000 hours (Hixon 2012); however, there is also speculation that lifetimes for LED lamps may be decreasing in the future if business models for longer life products are not viable (MacKinnon 2016). While prolonging product lifetimes and durability is argued to have environmental benefits (Casamayor et al 2015;Dzombak et al 2017;Hendrickson et al 2010), it is important to also consider any trade-offs in terms of costs for consumers and environmental impacts. Before additional policies should be considered concerning lifetimes for lighting products, there needs to be further exploration of what are optimal lifetimes for these products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal durability in least life cycle cost methods: the case of LED lamps

et al. 2018

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In the European Union (EU), mandatory durability ecodesign requirements have recently been set for some products, including lighting products; further development of durability standards is also expected in the future. Durability standards can bring environmental and consumer benefits, but the question remains about what optimal durability is. In this paper, the product lifetime aspect of durability is considered, and optimal lifetimes in relation to least life cycle cost (LCC) for the consumer are analysed. The paper focusses the analysis on a case of LED lamps available in an online market in December 2016 and models optimal lifetimes from an LCC perspective. The statistical error of the regression does not allow for calculation of the optima with precision, but the calculation indicates optimal lifetime is close to 25,000 hours. The influence of smaller discount rates and more intensive use of the product are also modelled, which indicate that durability is desirable in intense-use scenarios in particular. The usefulness of the method is discussed and the findings are compared to previous literature and studies examining durability and increased lifetimes for products, including those using an alternative approach of life cycle assessment (LCA). The initial results of this LCC method indicate that longer lifetimes than those currently required by legal standards in the EU could be appropriate for LED lamps. As such, the advantages and disadvantages of different policy instruments to stimulate increased durability are also discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions for potential future research and further policy development.

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Section: More Ambitious Mandatory Ecodesign Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal durability in least life cycle cost methods: the case of LED lamps

et al. 2018

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“…Thus, it is important to include different aspects of waste disposal as an SI, since this may speed up the development of methods for recycling LED lamps. There is a need for an efficient recycling system for end-of-life products of LED/SSL in the future [86].…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessment (Lca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Framework of Sustainable Indicators for Outdoor LED (Light Emitting Diodes) Lighting and SSL (Solid State Lighting)

Jägerbrand

2015

Sustainability

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Light emitting diodes (LEDs) and SSL (solid state lighting) are relatively new light sources, but are already widely applied for outdoor lighting. Despite this, there is little available information allowing planners and designers to evaluate and weigh different sustainability aspects of LED/SSL lighting when making decisions. Based on a literature review, this paper proposes a framework of sustainability indicators and/or measures that can be used for a general evaluation or to highlight certain objectives or aspects of special interest when choosing LED/SSL lighting. LED/SSL lighting is reviewed from a conventional sustainable development perspective, i.e., covering the three dimensions, including ecological, economic and social sustainability. The new framework of sustainable indicators allow prioritization when choosing LED/SSL products and can thereby help ensure that short-term decisions on LED/SSL lighting systems are in line with long-term sustainability goals established in society. The new framework can also be a beneficial tool for planners, decision-makers, developers and lighting designers, or for consumers wishing to use LED/SSL lighting in a sustainable manner. Moreover, since some aspects of LED/SSL lighting have not yet been thoroughly studied or developed, some possible future indicators are suggested.

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“…Based on these results the respective average contents of indium and product sales were determined. --und Kommunikationselektronik, 2010;Hartl, 2012;Hendrickson et al, 2010;MoE and METI, 2010;Oguchi et al, 2008;Stiftung Elektro--Altgeräteregister, 2012. These data are intended as a snapshot of the year 2010, because the indium concentrations are of rapidly varying sizes and changing material compositions are common due to the short innovation cycles.…”

Section: Categorization Of Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource-efficient conception of waste electrical and electronic equipment collection groups

Gries

Wilts²

2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and R

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Abstract:Critical metals are in great demand by the electrical and electronics industry, so waste electrical and electronic equipment represents a significant source of secondary raw materials. Owing to low recycling rates and the concomitant supply risks associated with critical metals, the closure of the material cycles is highly relevant to the German economy. Losses of these metals occur from collection until their material recovery, along the entire disposal chain of waste electrical and electronic equipment. This paper develops planning criteria for the design of collection groups to achieve higher recovery amounts of such metals. The aim is to clarify what amounts of metals exist, both product--specific and on the market, how the dismantling of the products is constructed and how collection groups can be arranged with planning criteria oriented towards resource conservation. The analysis is a snapshot using the example of indium and selected products. A procedure is presented and findings identified which are transferable to various critical metals and to waste electrical and electronic equipment. The results show that grouping of products according to resource amounts and the dismantling effort enables forward--looking and resource--efficient planning of the treatment of every single collection group.

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Reducing environmental burdens of solid-state lighting through end-of-life design

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Optimal durability in least life cycle cost methods: the case of LED lamps

Optimal durability in least life cycle cost methods: the case of LED lamps

New Framework of Sustainable Indicators for Outdoor LED (Light Emitting Diodes) Lighting and SSL (Solid State Lighting)

Resource-efficient conception of waste electrical and electronic equipment collection groups

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