Reducing energy poverty through carbon tax revenues in South Africa

Winkler, Harald

doi:10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i3a2332

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Eight studies were carried out in the USA [48,52,53,56,58,70,72,74], seven in the UK [60,68,73,75,77,78,80], three in New Zealand [57,66,67], and two each in China [47,62], India [49,61] and Mexico [50,59]. Other jurisdictions represented were Canada [69], the Dominican Republic [71], Ecuador [64], France [55], Finland [45], Greece [46], Malaysia [65], South Africa [79], Tanzania [63] and Venezuela [51]. Two studies examined policies across multiple jurisdictions [54,76].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common study type was modeling (n = 18), which included a range of environmental modeling methods and general equilibrium economic modeling [45,48,52,55,[59][60][61][62][65][66][67][68]72,73,[77][78][79][80]. Two studies used health impact assessment methods [46,70] and the remainder (n = 16) were empirical studies, including surveys, before/after comparisons, randomized controlled trials and case studies [47,[49][50][51]53,54,[56][57][58]63,64,69,71,[74][75][76].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study examined different methods of revenue recycling as a way to mitigate the regressive impacts of emissions pricing, and found that the most progressive approach was direct household rebates [48]. Revenue can also be recycled in ways which address other aspects of equity, for example programs to reduce energy poverty such as electrification, sustainable housing and rooftop solar for low-income households [79].…”

Section: Impact By Policy Typementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Co-Impacts on Indigenous Health: A Scoping Review

Jones

Macmillan

Reid

2020

IJERPH

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Climate change mitigation policies can either facilitate or hinder progress towards health equity, and can have particular implications for Indigenous health. We sought to summarize current knowledge about the potential impacts (co-benefits and co-harms) of climate mitigation policies and interventions on Indigenous health. Using a Kaupapa Māori theoretical positioning, we adapted a validated search strategy to identify studies for this scoping review. Our review included empirical and modeling studies that examined a range of climate change mitigation measures, with health-related outcomes analyzed by ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Data were extracted from published reports and summarized. We identified 36 studies that examined a diverse set of policy instruments, with the majority located in high-income countries. Most studies employed conventional Western research methodologies, and few examined potential impacts of particular relevance to Indigenous peoples. The existing body of knowledge is limited in the extent to which it can provide definitive evidence about co-benefits and co-harms for Indigenous health, with impacts highly dependent on individual policy characteristics and contextual factors. Improving the quality of evidence will require research partnerships with Indigenous communities and study designs that centralize Indigenous knowledges, values, realities and priorities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact By Policy Typementioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Co-Impacts on Indigenous Health: A Scoping Review

Jones

Macmillan

Reid

2020

IJERPH

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“…November/December 2018 silver bullet, and needs to be understood as part of systems, policy analysis is an important area requiring more research. Research should examine policy instruments ranging from a universal basic income to pricing with pro-poor revenue recycling, 61 investments in education, a more progressive tax system, a tax on financial speculation, and more. Bearing in mind the future of work, a 'tax on robots' is another instrument requiring close attention.…”

Section: Understanding Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing inequality and carbon emissions: Innovation of developmental pathways

Winkler¹

2018

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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dual challenges of inequality and mitigation Inequality and poverty are the top priorities in South Africa's National Development Plan 1 ; job creation and education are key means to reduce both. At the same time, the country wants to make a fair contribution to global efforts to combat climate change. In 2015, the global community adopted both Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and the Paris Agreement 3. To understand what it is to be human in the 21st century, and particularly in South Africa, one needs to consider high inequality 2,4 and dangerous climate change 3,5. Beyond analysis, the challenge is to reduce inequality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions-which is the motivation for this article. To achieve that, innovative pathways to development will have to be charted. In this respect, local is the new global and we 'need to bury the notion that global is not African' 6. This article starts with a South African focus, considered integral to global challenges of inequality and mitigation. inequality and mitigation, locally and globally Consider inequality in South Africa. Inequality has many dimensions, but while Thomas Pikkety argues compellingly that asset inequality is more persistent than income inequality 7 , the latter is the more common measure, including in South Africa. Figure 1a illustrates a notional household of five people-one might think that with a monthly income of ZAR50 000, this household would be solidly in the middle of the South African distribution. However, the actual position is the green line, whilst the median value is shown by the small red line. This observation is underpinned by the robust overall finding of a review of the economics of income inequality: 'that inequality in incomes is extremely high from a global comparative perspective and has increased since the democratic transition in 1994' 8. Income inequality is a persistent feature globally. While the world is no longer divided into two groups of developed and developing countries, it is also not homogeneous (see http://www.ecomagination.com/hans-rosling-and-thefuture-of-the-world; or watch Rosling's brilliant talk at http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_and_the_magic_ washing_machine.html). Figure 1b shows a spectrum of income distributions by ventile, or twentieth of the population. Milanovic 9 shows that the poorest 5% of Americans have the same income as the richest 5% of Indians-about USD3000-4000 per month. Further research is needed into such distributions by wealth or assets, and more work is needed to provide a view of inequality of GHG emissions across households. The trade-off between affluence and household emissions has been analysed for Indonesia, 10 with similar work being initiated in South Africa. At this stage, we cannot show comparable graphs of inequality by GHG emissions across income groups. What we do know is that inequality in access to energy services is a critical factor in (South) Africa and across countries. 11 The inequality of global energy CO 2 emissions compared to poverty are illustra...

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“…Policy makers could adequately address the initial higher cost and protect poor households, for instance, by fully covering upfront costs, granting concessional (community) loans or enabling access to other services in the short term. Providing sustainable housing or upgrading informal housing, and providing free rooftop solar energy installations for poor households would eliminate trade-offs of upfront costs and provide multiple benefits [47].…”

Section: Relevance Of Context Dimensions In Addressing Climate-change-sdg Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitioning to Low-Carbon Economies under the 2030 Agenda: Minimizing Trade-Offs and Enhancing Co-Benefits of Climate-Change Action for the SDGs

et al. 2021

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The 2030 Agenda with its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement on climate change were adopted in 2015. Although independently defined, the two agreements are strongly interlinked. We developed a framework that scores the impacts of climate-change actions on all SDG targets based on directionality (i.e., trade-offs or co-benefits) and likelihood of occurrence (i.e., ubiquitous or context-dependent), and categorizes them by dependence on four key context dimensions—geographical, governance, time horizon and limited natural resources. Through an extensive literature review, we found that climate-change mitigation measures directly affect most SDGs and their targets, mostly through co-benefits. Improving energy efficiency, reducing energy-services demand and switching to renewables provide the most co-benefits. In contrast, carbon capture and storage and nuclear energy likely lead to multiple trade-offs. We show how understanding the relevant context dimensions facilitates policy design and policy mixes that enhance co-benefits and minimize trade-offs. Finally, by assessing the prevalence of climate-change mitigation measures in G20 countries, we found that measures with more co-benefits are more frequently adopted. Our study advances the knowledge of climate–SDG interactions, contributing to climate and sustainable development governance research, and facilitating policy design for a joint implementation of the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda.

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Reducing energy poverty through carbon tax revenues in South Africa

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Co-Impacts on Indigenous Health: A Scoping Review

Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Co-Impacts on Indigenous Health: A Scoping Review

Reducing inequality and carbon emissions: Innovation of developmental pathways

Transitioning to Low-Carbon Economies under the 2030 Agenda: Minimizing Trade-Offs and Enhancing Co-Benefits of Climate-Change Action for the SDGs

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