Reducing Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Greenhouse Gases from Engines Using a Novel Plasma-Enhanced Combustion System

Lin, Yuan-Chung; Yang, Ping; Chen, Chung-Bang

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.10.0281

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These strategies have mainly focused on diesel fuel reformulation e.g., adding oxygenates and sulfur reduction, and control devices such as the diesel particulate filter (DPF) and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) (Marr et al, 1999) including use of plasma combustion (Lin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Control Strategies For Reduction Of Pah Emissions From Diesementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of semi-volatile organic carbons that are emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources therefore are ubiquitous in nature. Their main sources are both fossil and biomass fuels as well as other feedstocks used in chemical and combustion processes. Mostly the combustion processes are PAH depletion processes rather than PAH generating processes. PAHs are emitted from both stationary and mobile sources at varying levels depending on the operation conditions such as fuels, feedstock, and control devices in use as well as process parameters for example combustion temperatures.After emission from sources, the fates of PAHs in the atmosphere include partitioning between gas and particulate phases, particle size distribution, long range transport, dry and wet deposition on to water bodies, soil, vegetation and other receptor surfaces as well as resuspension from receptor surfaces back to the atmosphere. These processes are controlled by their physiochemical properties. Additionally, it is through these processes that human beings are exposed to PAHs via inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact.Dry deposition is the major process through which PAHs from the atmosphere are made available to receptor surfaces including the human respiratory system. From studies with cumulative fractions of dry deposition and size distribution for particulate PAHs, it is evident that the coarse particles are majorly responsible for the highest fraction of deposition fluxes. This is especially true for the high molecular weight PAHs, since the low molecular weight PAHs are majorly in the gas phase, which have lower dry deposition velocities. On the other hand, the highest risk for human being comes in the form of fine particles, whose mean aerodynamic diameter is below 2.5 µm. This is because the particle bound content results and particle size distributions of PAHs indicate that the fine particles have the most PAH content owing to their large surface areas and high organic carbon content. For the wet deposition of PAHs, more research is recommended for measurement of scavenging ratios of individual PAHs, since there is a scarcity of studies focusing on this issue.PAH mutagenic activity and exposure risk of humans can be estimated using the deposition rates, toxicity levels based on benzo(a)pyrene, or biomarkers such as urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Other parameters that have been used to evaluate the risks of various exposure groups include inhalation exposure levels (IEL), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and estimation of maximum consumption time (t max ). Highway toll workers, back carbon workers and food vendors in night markets are among susceptible groups identified using these biomarkers and exposure parameters.To reduce exposure to human beings, PAH emissions need to be controlled at the sources. Control and reduction of PAH emissions from various sources involves largely altering the fuel and feedstock characteristics, using air pollution control devices and/or adjustin...

show abstract

Section: Control Strategies For Reduction Of Pah Emissions From Diesementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a spark ignition (SI) engine, a three-way catalytic converter efficiently reduces HC, CO, and NO x , although the mixture must be maintained within a narrow air-fuel-ratio window. Other technologies for reducing NO x include exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) [5], selective catalytic reduction (SCR) [6], a NO x trap [7], a plasma reactor [8], water injection [9], water/fuel emulsions [10], and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) [11][12][13]. SCR and lean NO x -trap have been applied in diesel vehicles to meet standard emission limits [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Analysis of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition in a Motorcycle Engine Using a Dual-Fuel with Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Jang

2019

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exhaust emissions from the large population of motorcycles are a major issue in Asian countries. The regulation of exhaust emissions is therefore becoming increasingly stringent, with those relating to nitrogen oxides (NOx) the most difficult to pass. The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) has special combustion characteristics and hence produces low NOx emissions and exhibits high thermal efficiency. This study developed an HCCI system for a 150 cc motorcycle engine. The target engine was modified using a dual-fuel of dimethyl ether (DME) and gasoline with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It was tested at 2000–4000 rpm and the analysis was focused on 2000 rpm. The DME was supplied continuously at an injection pressure of 1.5 kg/cm2. The gasoline injection rate was adjusted at a pressure of 2.5 kg/cm2. A brake-specific fuel consumption of <250 g/kW·h was achieved under a condition of air–fuel equivalence ratio (λ) < 2 and an EGR of 25%. The nitric oxide concentration was too low to measure. The brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) increased by 65.8% from 2.93 to 4.86 bar when the EGR was 0% to 25%. The combustion efficiency was close to 100% when the BMEP was >3 bar.

show abstract

“…However, catalytic converters would not reduce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a major cause of global warming effect. Several researches on blends fuel or additives reached the improvements of engine efficiency and emission reduction, such as microalgae biodiesel, butanol, water, H 2 /O 2 mixture, or plasma-enhanced combustion in diesel engines (Lu et al, 2013;Lin et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Shukla et al, 2014;Mwangi et al, 2015). However, they cannot be used for motorcycle engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of HCCI Engine in Motorcycle for Emission Reduction and Energy Saving

Chen

Wang

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The exhaust emission of motorcycle engine is a big problem in Asia countries due to the large number of motorcycles. This study developed a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine for motorcycle application with highoperating efficiency and low exhaust emissions. The development was carried out on a 150 cc spark-ignition (SI) engine with an increased compression ratio to enhance compression temperature. Dimethyl ether (DME) was selected as the main fuel for HCCI operation due to the low self-ignition temperature. Gasoline was used as an additional fuel to adjust the ignitibility of the dual fuel mixture. The dual fuel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were incorporated to expand the engine operating range. Experiments of varying DME flow rates, EGR ratios, and gasoline flow rates were performed to observe HCCI operating characteristics and to identify methods for controlling HCCI combustion. And then, the engine could be operated at speeds ranging from 2000 to 4000 rpm and BMEP (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) ranging from 1.56 to 4.86 bar. These operating points were found to have lower brake specific fuel consumption and lower CO and NO emissions as compared with the original SI engine. A range-extended electric motorcycle (REEM) was built from a conventional motorcycle by using the proposed HCCI engine as a range extender. The HCCI engine was operated at 3500 rpm with very stable and high efficiency to match the REEM. The fuel economy of the proposed motorcycle is 75.62 km L -1 , a 132% improvement compared with the original motorcycle. The control of switch from SI to HCCI will be the future work.

show abstract

Reducing Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Greenhouse Gases from Engines Using a Novel Plasma-Enhanced Combustion System

Cited by 18 publications

References 61 publications

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Combustion Analysis of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition in a Motorcycle Engine Using a Dual-Fuel with Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Application of HCCI Engine in Motorcycle for Emission Reduction and Energy Saving

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About