Reducing-diet and exercise-training effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins in mildly obese women

Nieman, David C.; Haig, J.; Fairchild, K S; Guia, E D De; Dizon, G. P.; Register, U. D.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/52.4.640

Cited by 47 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Other studies with women utilizing more traditional modes of activity such as walking or running support our findings in regard to increased HDL-C concentration [22,27]. Typical HDL-C changes found in exercise studies with female subjects report average changes of 3 -5 mg/dl following training.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Lipid and Lipoprotein Changes in Premenstrual Women Following Step Aerobic Dance Training

2005

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Exercise training can improve lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and reduce the risk of heart disease. Little information is available concerning aerobic dance training and lipoprotein concentration changes in women. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different methods of step bench training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and lipoprotein concentrations in college-aged females. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups: a traditional continuous step (CS), an interval step group (IS), or a non-exercise control group (C). The CS and the IS groups participated in three 50-minute sessions for 12 weeks. The CS session included a warm-up, 30-35 min of continuous bench stepping, 10-15 min of calisthenic exercises, and a 5-min cool-down. The IS sessions included a 5-7-min warm-up, 35-40 min of alternating intervals of bench stepping and non-step aerobic dance, and a 5-7-min cool-down. Target heart rates were maintained within 70 to 85% of maximal heart rate. Results showed increases in HDL-C concentrations in the IS group (p<0.05). Decreases in percent body fat were evident in both dance groups (p<0.05) and cardiovascular fitness increased in both groups (p<0.01). No changes were evident in the control group. In college-aged women, 12 weeks of IS or CS training improved cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. In addition, IS training appears to have a greater effect on HDL-C concentrations than CS training.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Lipid and Lipoprotein Changes in Premenstrual Women Following Step Aerobic Dance Training

2005

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“…Therefore we conducted the study to see whether acute exercise and/or a CAF, CAR, or CAF+CAR mixture trial affects blood TC, TG, and FFA levels. Aerobic exercise increases HDL-cholesterol with moderate exercise in obese women (51) and men (52), but other studies (53,54) have shown little or no effect on TC, TG, and LDL cholesterol. In our study, acute ex ercise increased TC, TG, and FFA levels, but a CAF and a CAR trial did not affect them (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of Carnitine Coingested Caffeine on Carnitine Metabolism and Endurance Capacity in Athletes.

Cha

Choi

Suh³

et al. 2001

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine whether caffeine (CAF), carnitine (CAR), or CAP+CAR mixture administration affects exercise endurance time via carnitine metabolism. Water (CON), CAF, CAR, or CAF+CAR mixture was administered to five male rugby athletes participating in this study by a randomized double-blind fashion who were made to ride a cycle ergometer for exercise. The CAF effect on exercise endurance time was small, but the CAR trial significantly increased the exercise endurance time compared with CON trial; a further CAP +CAR mixture trial had greater effects on the exercise endurance time than those of a CON, CAF, or CAR trial. A CAR or CAF+CAR mixed trial increased uri nary nonesterified carnitine (NEC) and total carnitine (TCAR), but no changes were ob served in acid-soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC) and acid-insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC) excre tion. A CAR or CAF+CAR mixed trial resulted in higher levels of plasma NEC, ASAC, and TCAR fractions than the CON and CAF trials did on exhaustion time. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acid in blood were significantly increased at exhaustion time, but they were not affected in the CAF or the CAR trial. These results suggest that carnitine in gestion could promote fat oxidation, resulting in higher endurance performance in athletes, and especially these ergogenic effects of carnitine coingested with caffeine may be greater than those of carnitine alone.

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“…Moreover, these studies usually examine relations in individuals diverse in the amount and location of adiposity and rarely account for the potential that there might be differential effects in women with an upper-body versus a lower-body fat distribution. 10,20,[23][24][25][26] Although the relations derived from studies of this type are convincing, they must be tempered by the fact that these analyses are correlational rather than causal. Thus, the potential benefits of interventions that change WHR or BMI on CVD riskfactor status can only be surmised by extrapolation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of body fatness and body fat distribution on risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women. Impact of weight loss.

Dennis

Goldberg

1993

Arterioscler Thromb

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This study examines the role of obesity and body fat distribution (ie, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 50 nondiabetic, obese (body mass index [BMI], 31±2 kg/m 2 , mean±SD), 45±10-year-old women. The data obtained at baseline and after weight loss were analyzed after dividing subjects by WHR into upper-body (WHR >0.80) and lower-body (WHR £0.80) groups and by median-split BMI into more obese (BMI s31) and less obese (BMI <31) groups. At baseline, the upper-body obese women, when compared with lower-body obese women, had higher plasma triglycerides (TGs) (175±85 versus 111±47 mg/dL, respectively; P<.00l) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (44±10 versus 54±11, respectively, P<.01) but similar total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and blood pressure. There were no significant differences in these CVD risk factors at baseline by BMI split Although weight loss (-9±5 kg) lowered blood pressure and TGs irrespective of WHR or BMI, only upper-body obese women raised HDL-C. Moreover, the magnitude of the changes was greatest in women with an upper-body fat distribution. In women with WHR >0.80, HDL-C increased by 11%, to 49 mg/dL (P<.001), and TGs decreased by 24%, to 134 mg/dL (P<.001). The increase in HDL-C with weight loss was predicted in a linear model by the initial WHR, whereas the reductions in TGs and blood pressure were predicted by the change in body weight Thus, an upper-body fat distribution in women worsens the lipid risk factors for CVD posed by obesity, and weight loss is an effective intervention to improve lipid profiles in these women. Although weight loss improved CVD risk factors regardless of BMI or WHR, the magnitude of the increase in plasma HDL-C and decrease in TGs in women with an upper-body fat distribution suggests that weight loss in these women has the greatest potentiality of reducing their risk factors for CVD. {ArterioscUr Thromb. 1993;13:1487-1494 KEY WORDS • obesity • body fat distribution • weight loss • cardiovascular disease risk factors • women E arly descriptions, which characterized men as having an abdominal body fat distribution and women as having a predominantly gluteofemoral body fat distribution, 1 -2 confirmed gender differences in the relation of obesity to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intermediary mechanisms by which hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia increase risk for CVD seem linked to an abdominal distribution of body fat rather than obesity. 35 These investigations underscore the importance of the distribution of body fat as a critical risk factor, irrespective of gender.In women as well as men an upper-body distribution of fat, indexed as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), is an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and premature mortality.6 -8 Nevertheless, the strong relations between WHR and degree of obesity make it difficult to ascertain whether obesity per se or the distribution of body fat is the major determinant affecting risk factor...

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Reducing-diet and exercise-training effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins in mildly obese women

Cited by 47 publications

References 30 publications

Lipid and Lipoprotein Changes in Premenstrual Women Following Step Aerobic Dance Training

Lipid and Lipoprotein Changes in Premenstrual Women Following Step Aerobic Dance Training

Effects of Carnitine Coingested Caffeine on Carnitine Metabolism and Endurance Capacity in Athletes.

Differential effects of body fatness and body fat distribution on risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women. Impact of weight loss.

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