Reducing Dephosphorization of Molten Stainless Steel by Metallic Calcium

Arato, Toshiaki; Uchida, Tetsuro; Omori, Yoshifumi

doi:10.2355/isijinternational1966.25.326

Cited by 10 publications

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“…The mixture of the under reducing conditions. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Mixtures of Ca-CaO-CaF 2 components was put under purified argon in one chamber are most frequently used for the purpose. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Knowledge of of a two-chamber dismantlable ampoule ( Figure 1) made the thermodynamic properties of this system advances a from materials (Armco iron or molybdenum) that dissolve better understanding of the reactions occurring at the reducpractically no calcium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of the Ca-CaO-CaF2 system

Зайцев

Mogutnov

2001

Metall Mater Trans B

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A static method was used to measure the partial vapor pressure of calcium over the Ca-CaO, CaCaF 2 , and Ca-CaO-CaF 2 liquid solutions in the temperature range from 1165 to 1812 K. Simultaneously, the solubility of solid CaO or CaF 2 in the melts was determined. All solutions are characterized by positive deviations from Raoult's law. The thermodynamic properties of the Ca-CaF 2 melt were approximated by a subregular-solutions model with the ideal entropy term and those of Ca-CaO by a model that takes into account some ordering in molecular arrangement. The thermodynamic description of the ternary liquid solution was attained under the assumptions that interparticle interactions do not change in going from the binary constituent systems to the ternary one and that there is no triple interaction. The models were applied for the computation of phase diagrams of the studied systems.

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confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of the Ca-CaO-CaF2 system

Зайцев

Mogutnov

2001

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…In the experiments with copper, the activity of calcium was typically found to be 0.66, close to the value with tin. 8. In view of the reported success of CaC 2 as a refining agent, some experiments were additionally carried out with CaC 2 -CaF 2 mixtures in alumina, magnesia, and graphite crucibles at 1873 K, to remove tin from liquid Fe-2 wt pct Sn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under inert atmosphere (argon), calcium [1,2] or calciumbearing slags (Ca-CaCl 2 -CaO) [3,4] were used in closed systems to remove tin, [1,3] copper, [1,2] and phosphorus. [4] In addition, calcium carbide, alone [5,6] or in combination with calcium fluoride, [7] or Ca alone [6,8] was utilized in open systems in an argon atmosphere at 1633 to 1873 K for the removal of phosphorus from stainless steel, which is otherwise difficult to achieve because of the preferential oxidation of chromium. The dephosphorization of iron-base melts under reducing conditions with the use of CaF 2 -MgO slags melted with Ca was also examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and[8], the partial molar enthalpy of mixing of alumina " H M Al 2 O 3 is obtained as À155.5 ± 127.2 kJ/mol in the slag Ca-CaCl 2 (17 mol pct)-Al 2 O 3 (20 to 30 mol pct, saturated)-Sn(3 to 6 mol pct)-Fe(1 to 9 mol pct) at 1448 to 1548 K. Admittedly, the constancy of the slag composition over the temperature range, as required by Eq [5],. is not strictly found.…”

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Removal of Tin and Copper from Liquid Iron by Al2O3-Saturated Ca-CaCl2 Slags at 1448 to 1648 K

Ghosh

2009

Metall Mater Trans B

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The removal of tin and copper from liquid iron by Al 2 O 3 -saturated Ca-CaCl 2 slags was carried out in separate alumina crucibles at 1448 to 1648 K that showed small partition ratios of less than 1. The tin content of the liquid iron typically decreased from its initial value of 50 to 40 wt pct and the (gross) copper content of the iron-copper mixture from 50 to 45 wt pct, at equilibrium. The small refining efficiencies (37 pct, maximum) of the slags, the initial composition of which were, in most cases, Ca-50 wt pct CaCl 2 , may be attributed to the significant dissolution in them of alumina, up to 42.0 wt pct (29.6 mol pct), in experiments with Sn, and up to 54.4 wt pct (38.6 mol pct), in experiments with Cu. Treating Ca as the solvent, a number of interaction coefficients such as e

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“…( 1), ( 2) and (3) when the reaction reaches equilibrium, respectively. The thermodynamic data of the above reaction formula can be obtained by searching reference [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] as shown in Table 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Change of Spinel in High Ca Treament at 38CrMoAl Steel

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2022

ISIJ Int.

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In this study, 38CrMoAl steel was treated with calcium under the pressure of 2 MPa, and four groups of high aluminum steels with the highest calcium content of 0.01% were obtained. Spinel inclusions with high MgO content, CaO and MgO inclusions with original spinel morphology were found by testing and analyzing the morphology towards composition of inclusions in the high Ca content steel. Combined with thermodynamic calculation, a Ca-Al spinel reaction model was proposed, the solid/liquid phase denaturation mechanism of calcium treated spinel was explored, and the influence of total oxygen content on phase equilibrium in denaturation process was analyzed. At last, it was obtained that the spinel denaturation products is MgO + Spinel, CaO-Al 2 O 3 -MgO and CaO-Al 2 O 3 when the mass fraction of calcium was low; And the spinel denaturation products with high calcium content are MgO + Spinel, MgO and CaO.

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Reducing Dephosphorization of Molten Stainless Steel by Metallic Calcium

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Thermodynamics of the Ca-CaO-CaF2 system

Thermodynamics of the Ca-CaO-CaF2 system

Removal of Tin and Copper from Liquid Iron by Al2O3-Saturated Ca-CaCl2 Slags at 1448 to 1648 K

Change of Spinel in High Ca Treament at 38CrMoAl Steel

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