“…A recent survey conducted by KPMG demonstrates that 96% of 250 world's largest companies [1] contain CSR-related disclosures in their annual reports, believing that CSR is relevant for their current and potential investors (KPMG, 2022). This thriving importance and popularity of CSRD, however, is coupled with certain complexities and a lack of unified guidance (Alia and AbuSarees, 2023;Mardawi et al, 2021;Alia and Mardawi, 2021;Bouten and Hooz ee, 2015), which has led users to raise some concerns regarding the reliability, materiality, completeness and comparability of CSRD (Abu Alia et al, 2022;Radhouane et al, 2020;Muslu et al, 2019;Miras-Rodriguez and Di Pietra, 2018;Dobbs and van Staden, 2016;Peters and Romi, 2015). One key measure that could be used to improve this credibility gap and to reinforce the level of trust in CSRD is to have such disclosure assured by external independent third parties (Velte, 2021;Quick and Inwinkl, 2020;Maroun, 2018Maroun, , 2019Simnett and Huggins, 2015;Maroun and Atkins, 2015;Cohen and Simnett, 2015;Perego and Kolk, 2012;Simnett et al, 2009).…”