Reducing Cement Contents of Paving Blocks by Using Mineral Waste and by-Product Materials

Abstract

Abstract:3 In 4 the production of conventional paving blocks, it is usual to use a minimum of 210 kg=m 3 of cement. However, when Portland 5 cement is produced, it impacts negatively on the environment due to carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, this paper investigates the use of 6 waste and by-product materials, such as run-of-station ash (ROSA), basic oxygen slag (BOS), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), 7 plasterboard gypsum (PG), and cement bypass dust (BPD) to reduce the amount of cement in paving blocks. comparison to the percent of cement used in factories.