Reducing Barriers for Women in Plastic Surgery: What Should We Pursue?

Huayllani, María T.; Eells, Annica C.; Khan, Nawal; Rinker, Brian; Forte, Antonio J.

doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000006286

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Two studies evaluating gender differences in plastic surgery demonstrated that there is a general lack of support for pregnancy and childcare, lack of role models and sponsorship to endorse women into leadership positions, difficulties in work-life balance, limited opportunities of collaboration and funding, and disadvantages to reach academic goals. 20,21 Racial discrimination has also been reported to be associated with microaggressions. 12,[22][23][24] Racial microaggressions in form of messages that assume inferiority, criminality, and sameness have been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Prevalence of Microaggressions in Plastic Surgery Training: A National Survey

Goulart

Huayllani

Samora

et al. 2021

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: There has been increased awareness of microaggressions occurring during medical training. However, the prevalence and characteristics of microaggressions specifically in plastic surgery residency remain unknown. We aimed to fill this literature gap by conducting a nationwide survey to better understand and characterize microaggressions in plastic surgery training. Methods: A survey was distributed between March and May 2021 via the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Resident Representatives to 1014 integrated and 214 independent track plastic surgery trainees in the United States. Multiple Pearson’s chi-square of independence and Fisher exact tests evaluated comparisons of microaggressions by sex, race, Hispanic origin, sexual orientation, and year in training. A multivariate regression analysis assessed associations between variables. Results: One hundred twenty-five participants responded to the survey (response rate: 10.2%). Of those who responded, 68.8% had experienced microaggressions in the past year. Female trainees experienced microaggressions more frequently than male trainees ( P < 0.05). Asian trainees had higher odds to be a target of microaggressions compared with White trainees ( P = 0.013). Nonheterosexual trainees were more likely to have experienced microaggressions compared with heterosexual trainees ( P < 0.05). Independent trainees were more likely to experience microaggressions than PGY 1–2 and 3–4 integrated residents ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Approximately seven in every 10 trainees stated that they experienced microaggressions in the past year. Females, racial minorities, sexual minorities, and independent trainees had higher odds of reporting that they experienced microaggressions. Further studies are needed to assess the implementation of strategies that address this problem to resolve inequities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Prevalence of Microaggressions in Plastic Surgery Training: A National Survey

Goulart

Huayllani

Samora

et al. 2021

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

Self Cite

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“…Among the 138 publications on diversity, there were a total of 714 authors. The mean number of authors per article was 5.2 (range, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Female authors outnumbered males, 394 to 320.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dermatology is regarded as a nonsurgical "lifestyle" specialty that may attract women who wish to optimize their work/life balance. Indeed, the importance of work/life balance is frequently referenced with respect to women, 4,6,7,13,17,31,43 and not to men. A common theme is greater recognition of women's needs during residency, including maternity leave and time for nursing.…”

Section: Female Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This specialty choice fits with the general perception that, overall (and by no means for all women), women tend to think of families because they usually assume more family responsibilities than men. 13,17,32,59,60,121,137 Many specialties in which women physicians make up the majority focus on children, women, and families, including pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatric hematology/oncology, child and adolescent psychiatry, and neonatal-perinatal medicine. 143 Women may select these careers as a matter of personal choice, 60 and not because of perceived obstacles to their advancement in plastic surgery.…”

Section: Female Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Plastic Surgery

Swanson

2024

Ann Plast Surg

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Background The number of publications on the subject of diversity, equity, and inclusion has surged in the last 5 years. However, a systematic review of this topic has not been published. Method Six top plastic surgery journals were queried from 2018 to 2023 using the search term “diversity.” Methods, conclusions, and recommendations were tabulated. Results A total of 138 publications were identified; 68 studies presented data suitable for analysis. All studies were retrospective. Currently, over 40% of plastic surgery residency applicants are women. The proportion of women in integrated plastic surgery residents is now 43%. In 2021 and 2022, the percentage of female first-year residents exceeded men. The percentage of female presenters at meetings (34%) is double the number in the workforce (17%). Twenty-five percent of academic faculty positions and 22% of program director positions are now held by women. Underrepresented minorities account for fewer than 10% of applicants to integrated plastic surgery residencies. Discussion The proportion of Black and Hispanic applicants to integrated plastic surgery residencies (6% and 8%, respectively) mirrors the proportion of Black and Hispanic medical students (7% and 6%, respectively). Numerous recommendations have been made to increase the proportion of underrepresented minorities in plastic surgery programs. Conclusions The representation of women in plastic surgery has increased dramatically. A lack of Hispanics and Blacks reflects a small pool of applicants, as opposed to a “leaky pipeline.”

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Reducing Barriers for Women in Plastic Surgery: What Should We Pursue?

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Assessing the Prevalence of Microaggressions in Plastic Surgery Training: A National Survey

Assessing the Prevalence of Microaggressions in Plastic Surgery Training: A National Survey

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Plastic Surgery

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