Reducing acute poisoning in developing countries—options for restricting the availability of pesticides

Konradsen, Flemming; Hoek, Wim van der; Cole, Donald C.; Hutchinson, Gerard; Daisley, H; Singh, Surjit; Eddleston, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00339-1

Cited by 265 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our previous f longitudinal analysis of national Poison Control Center (PCC) data determined there was a significant decline in the number of organophosphate exposures after the commencement of the phase out period [5]. The results of our longitudinal study were consistent with other investigations that reported on the complicated effect access to pesticides can have on the epidemiology of pesticide exposures, including human poisonings [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures in the United States: A longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers

Power

Sudakin

2007

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Introduction: Citing the Food Quality Protection Act, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) decided to phase out and eliminate organophosphate insecticide use in residential environments. The phase out process spanned from 2000 to 2005, and it may have resulted in increased consumer use of insecticides containing other active ingredients. This study utilized data from the national Poison Control Center to assess possible changes in exposure incidents involving pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides during the phase out of organophosphates from residential uses.Methods: We extracted pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticide exposure data from the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) annual reports from 2000 to 2005. We examined pyrethrin and pyrethroid incidents by total exposures for each year, and we stratified exposures by age range, reason, number of cases treated in a health care facility, and medical outcome. Cases were examined as a proportion of all insecticide exposures. We calculated the annual incidence rates for exposures involving pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides of the population served.Results: Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures increased annually in number and as a percentage of all insecticide exposure incidents. The increase in cases was observed for all age categories and exposure reasons. A statistically significant correlation was observed between advancing years (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) and the number of pyrethrin and pyrethroid incidents (p Ͻ.01). While the number of incidents treated in a health care facility increased annually during the study period, the proportion was constant (0.185 Ϯ 0.012) over the sixyear period. During the study period, the incidence rate for pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures increased each year. 44% of all medical outcomes data was recorded, and the majority of outcomes resulted in no symptoms (37%) or minor symptoms (53%).Conclusion: TESS data showed a clear increase in cases involving pyrethrins and pyrethroids. The increase was temporally associated with the phase out of organophosphates from residential uses. In the future, medical toxicologists and poison control center personnel should be prepared to respond to an increasing number of pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticide exposures.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures in the United States: A longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers

Power

Sudakin

2007

J. Med. Toxicol.

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“…Una práctica sociocultural que ahora es un problema ambiental emergente y multifactorial cuya solución es compleja. Sin embargo, en el siglo XX algunas medidas de control para la liberación de plaguicidas se pusieron en marcha en países desarrollados, que included biopesticides, such as dissuasive agents with a confounding effect, inhibitor of oviposition, anti-feeding and repellent, as well as biological control agents (Konradsen et al, 2003). With these measures adopted and adjusted for Mexican Legislation, a new academic, biotechnological and commercial opportunity opens up for the design of preservatives of microbiological origin for their use on low-durability wood.…”

Section: Principales Preservadores Químicos Utilizados En Maderamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…En ella, se propuso restringir drásticamente el uso de insecticidas convencionales. Paralelamente, la definición de plaguicida propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se modificó e incluyó a los bioplaguicidas tales como los agentes disuasivos con efecto confusor, inhibidor de la oviposición, anti-alimentario y repelente, así como a los agentes de control biológico (Konradsen et al, 2003). Con estas medidas adoptadas y adecuadas en la legislación mexicana, una nueva oportunidad académica, biotecnológica y comercial se propicia para el diseño de preservadores de origen microbiano para su aplicación en madera de baja durabilidad.…”

Section: Principales Preservadores Químicos Utilizados En Maderaunclassified

Principales preservadores maderables y exudados microbianos con actividad antagonista al desarrollo en agentes biológicos deletéreos

García-Ortiz

Benítez-Rocha

Martínez-Pacheco

et al. 2017

RMF

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Resumen. La madera de baja durabilidad es susceptible de deterioro por xilófagos y su protección es una meta tecnológica no alcanzada que genera pérdidas económicas y materiales. Alternativas para evitar el uso de preservadores convencionales tóxicos y contaminantes se pueden establecer mediante el conocimiento del microecosistema bacteriano en la madera. La protección de este material es posible obtenerla con bacterias y sus exudados. El propósito de esta investigación es destacar que el biodeterioro de la madera de baja durabilidad es evitable mediante estrategias microbiológicas relevantes para el control de los hongos xilófagos. La observación es que bacterias de los géneros Arthrobacter, Bacillus y Pseudomonas y sus exudados potencialmente son agentes de protección que exhiben mecanismos de acción diferentes como, el antagonismo, el parasitismo y la producción de exudados que contienen moléculas con efecto: antimicrobiano (antibióticos), quelante (sideróforos) que inhiben enzimas o funciones y compuestos volátiles (dimetilhexadecilamina). El conocimiento de este ecosistema microbiano facilitará la construcción de una alternativa al uso de los preservadores convencionales de madera y constituye un área de oportunidad. Se evidencia la ausencia del conocimiento de bacterias antagónicas de los xiló-fagos, el manejo de la producción y composición de sus exudados y su aplicación, con lo que se manifiesta un campo inexplorado en la biotecnología de la preservación de la madera.

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“…Although OPs are widely used in agriculture and even household environments as insecticides, their usage is not sufficiently controlled, and then poisoning has become a significant public health issue [10]. OP poisoning by inhalation, swallowing and through contact with the eyes or skin are grouped in three main categories; occupational accidents, intentional poisoning (as attempted suicide), and non-occupation-related accidental poisoning (in the household) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Red Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterase Levels of Depressive Patients with Suicidal Behavior in an Agricultural Area

et al. 2016

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Long-term exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) without acute poisoning can lead to various OPs. Environmental exposure to organophosphate pesticides may be associated with depression and suicide attempts in a population living in a rural agricultural area. Patients (n = 149) suffering from major depressive disorder (with and without attempted suicide) and a control group of healthy individuals (n = 64) who had been living in the same rural district for at least 1 year were selected. Red blood cell acetylcholine esterase (RBC-AChE) activity was examined as the basis of evaluating the degree of chronic environmental exposure to OPs residues. There were negative association between RBC-AChE activity levels and suicide attempts, the number of past suicide attempts and hopelessness levels in the depressive patients.The results of the study may support the idea that environmental exposure to OPs may be associated with mental health in individuals living in agricultural districts who are not farmers or working in occupations with access to OPs.

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Reducing acute poisoning in developing countries—options for restricting the availability of pesticides

Cited by 265 publications

References 40 publications

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures in the United States: A longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposures in the United States: A longitudinal analysis of incidents reported to poison centers

Principales preservadores maderables y exudados microbianos con actividad antagonista al desarrollo en agentes biológicos deletéreos

The Red Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterase Levels of Depressive Patients with Suicidal Behavior in an Agricultural Area

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