Reduced translocation in 2,4‐D‐resistant oriental mustard populations (Sisymbrium orientale L.) from Australia

Abstract

Resistance to 2,4-D in oriental mustard is likely due to reduced translocation of 2,4-D out of the treated leaf. Inheritance of 2,4-D resistance is conferred by a single gene with a high level of dominance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Molecular and physiological characterization of six‐way resistance in an Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis biotype from Missouri

“…Non‐target site resistance mechanism(s) such as reduced absorption and/or translocation have been previously reported to confer 2,4‐ D resistance in multiple species . Therefore, we conducted experiments to determine differences in absorption and translocation of 2,4‐ D in plants of MO‐Ren and MO‐S biotypes.…”

“…The plants of both MO‐Ren and MO‐S biotypes exhibited rapid absorption of [ 14 C] 2,4‐ D and about 70% of the applied herbicide was absorbed within 24 h of treatment. Various environmental, species and application factors can affect 2,4‐ D absorption and previous research has shown that 2,4‐ D absorption can range from 10% to 99% in different species …”

Cross‐resistance to diflufenican and picolinafen and its inheritance in oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale L.)

“…Two populations P40 and S1 were selected for the inheritance study. Generation of F 1 and F 2 seeds were conducted using the method described by Dang et al 8 Briefly, five survivors of P40 at 800 g ha −1 diflufenican and five untreated plants of the S1 were grown in individual 8.5 L pots in a glasshouse (15 to 22 ∘ C), watered and fertilized as required. Three days after the first flower opened, all mature siliques, opened flowers and small buds were removed from each inflorescence and only two to three young buds retained.…”

“…1,4 Oriental mustard is usually easy to control with herbicides, but has recently evolved resistance in Australia to several herbicide groups that include acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, synthetic auxins, phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors and photosystem II inhibitors. [5][6][7][8][9] Diflufenican and picolinafen are pyridinecarboxamide herbicides belonging to Group 15 (WSSA designation), which inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis. Diflufenican was developed in 1979 and has been used as a pre-emergent and early post-emergent herbicide for the selective control of certain broadleaf weeds, especially brassicaceae family, in winter cereals since the mid-1980s.…”

Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World

“…In this sense, reduced SAH absorption and/or translocation has been related to the resistance response in several dicotyledonous weeds species [12]. More recently, the lack of 2,4-D translocation has also been reported in R biotypes of Papaver rhoeas [13], Sisymbrium orientale [14] and Raphanus raphanistrum [15].…”