Reduced tillage and increasing cropping intensity in the Great Plains conserves soil C

Peterson, G. A.; Halvorson, Ardell D.; Havlin, J. L.; Jones, O. R.; Lyon, Drew J.; Tanaka, D. L.

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(98)00107-x

Cited by 230 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Longer-term, more persistent biases are estimated by solving for unknown multiplicative biases in each component flux after smoothing in space and time. While these biases could result from incorrectly modeled short term processes, such as errors in the daily development of the planetary boundary layer, or short-term processes not in the model such as seasonal fertilization and irrigation, the main purpose is to capture longer-term processes not explicitly modeled such as land use change (Robertson et al, 2000;Peterson et al, 1998), disturbances, anthropogenic fertilization effects (Oren et al, 2001), managed forestry (Tillman et al, 2000), and large scale carbon removal . This modeling is accomplished by convolving the influence functions generated from a lagrangian particle dispersion model, LPDM (Uliasz and Pielke, 1991;Uliasz, 1993Uliasz, , 1994Uliasz et al, 1996;Zupanski, 2007), with gridded Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and total Ecosystem Respiration (ER) at each time step in SiB3-RAMS.…”

Section: Prior Flux Model and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A regional high-resolution carbon flux inversion of North America for 2004

et al. 2010

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Abstract.Resolving the discrepancies between NEE estimates based upon (1) ground studies and (2) atmospheric inversion results, demands increasingly sophisticated techniques. In this paper we present a high-resolution inversion based upon a regional meteorology model (RAMS) and an underlying biosphere (SiB3) model, both running on an identical 40 km grid over most of North America. Current operational systems like CarbonTracker as well as many previous global inversions including the Transcom suite of inversions have utilized inversion regions formed by collapsing biome-similar grid cells into larger aggregated regions. An extreme example of this might be where corrections to NEE imposed on forested regions on the east coast of the United States might be the same as that imposed on forests on the west coast of the United States while, in reality, there likely exist subtle differences in the two areas, both natural and anthropogenic. Our current inversion framework utilizes a combination of previously employed inversion techniques while allowing carbon flux corrections to be biome independent. Temporally and spatially high-resolution results utilizing biome-independent corrections provide insight into carbon dynamics in North America. In particular, we analyze hourly CO 2 mixing ratio data from a sparse network of eight towers in North America for 2004. A prior estimate of carbon fluxes due to Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) is constructed from the SiB3 biosphere model on a 40 km grid. A combination of transport from Correspondence to: A. E. Schuh (aschuh@atmos.colostate.edu) the RAMS and the Parameterized Chemical Transport Model (PCTM) models is used to forge a connection between upwind biosphere fluxes and downwind observed CO 2 mixing ratio data. A Kalman filter procedure is used to estimate weekly corrections to biosphere fluxes based upon observed CO 2 . RMSE-weighted annual NEE estimates, over an ensemble of potential inversion parameter sets, show a mean estimate 0.57 Pg/yr sink in North America. We perform the inversion with two independently derived boundary inflow conditions and calculate jackknife-based statistics to test the robustness of the model results. We then compare final results to estimates obtained from the CarbonTracker inversion system and at the Southern Great Plains flux site. Results are promising, showing the ability to correct carbon fluxes from the biosphere models over annual and seasonal time scales, as well as over the different GPP and ER components. Additionally, the correlation of an estimated sink of carbon in the South Central United States with regional anomalously high precipitation in an area of managed agricultural and forest lands provides interesting hypotheses for future work.

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Section: Prior Flux Model and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A regional high-resolution carbon flux inversion of North America for 2004

et al. 2010

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“…A concentração de N total no solo foi avaliada somente no oitavo ano, seguindo o método Kjeldhal descrito por Tedesco et al (1995). Os valores de densidade do solo, apresentados por Debarba (1993) e Seganfredo (1995 e determinados neste trabalho, foram utilizados para calcular os estoques de C orgânico e N baseado numa equivalência com a massa de solo (Angers et al, 1997;Peterson et al, 1998;Bayer et al, 2000a).…”

Section: Amostragem Do Solounclassified

Potencial de culturas de cobertura em acumular carbono e nitrogênio no solo no plantio direto e a melhoria da qualidade ambiental

Amado

Bayer

Eltz

et al. 2001

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

112

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RESUMOO solo é um importante componente do ecossistema, influenciando a qualidade do ar e da água. Atualmente, é crescente o interesse pelo potencial que o solo apresenta em seqüestrar carbono e, conseqüentemente, contribuir para mitigar o efeito estufa. Este estudo teve por objetivos avaliar: (a) o potencial da inclusão de plantas de cobertura em sistemas de produção de milho (aveia + ervilhaca, tremoço (posteriormente azevém + ervilhaca), mucuna e feijão-de-porco) em acumular C orgânico e N total num Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico, comparativamente ao sistema tradicional pousio/milho e a uma área preservada de campo natural; (b) a contribuição dos sistemas de cultura em plantio direto no seqüestro de CO 2 atmosférico pelo solo. Para instalação do experimento, realizaram-se uma lavração e duas gradagens, que acarretaram uma queda acentuada nos estoques de C orgânico e N total nos primeiros quatro anos, em comparação ao campo natural. Do quarto ao oitavo ano, os sistemas de cultura promoveram uma recuperação dos estoques de C e N total, sendo esta maior no sistema milho + mucuna. No oitavo ano, o solo no sistema milho + mucuna apresentou 5,42 Mg ha -1 de C e 1,27 Mg ha -1 de N a mais que o solo no sistema pousio/milho, na camada de 0-20 cm. Estimou-se que o sistema tradicional pousio/milho apresentou uma liberação líquida de 4,32 Mg ha -1 CO 2 em relação ao campo natural, enquanto, no sistema milho + mucuna, ocorreu um seqüestro de 15,5 Mg ha -1 CO 2 . A utilização de sistemas conservacionistas de produção de milho é uma eficiente alternativa ao sistema tradicional (pousio/milho) em acumular matéria orgânica no solo e contribuir para o seqüestro do CO 2 atmosférico em solos agrícolas e, portanto, para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental.Termos de indexação: manejo do solo, qualidade do solo, matéria orgânica, efeito estufa, seqüestro de CO 2 .

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“…But annual residue C additions may amount to several Mg C ha -1 yr -1 or more (e.g., Buyanovsky and Wagner 1997). And if our intent is to measure changes in C storage, then we will also need to include a measure of residue in and on the soil, especially in unplowed systems (Peterson et al 1998).…”

Section: Devise More Sensitive Methods For Measuring Soil C Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil carbon: A measure of ecosystem response in a changing world?

Janzen¹

2005

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Janzen, H. H. 2005. Soil carbon: A measure of ecosystem response in a changing world? Can. J. Soil Sci. 85: 467-480. The global carbon (C) cycle is changing, as evident from abrupt increases in atmospheric CO 2 . These changes have sparked interest in agricultural soils as potential repositories for excess atmospheric C. Our perspective on soil C, therefore, has shifted: once, we focused mainly on how soil C affected productivity within agroecosystems; now we see also how C dynamics in agricultural soils exert influences far beyond the farm. We have long used soil C as an indicator of soil quality; now we may want to use soil C also as a broader indicator of ecosystem response. To prompt further discussion, I offer some tentative thoughts about how we might use soil C as an indicator on a changing earth. They include: using soil C to measure changes across time, not only across space; devising more sensitive measures of soil C change; quantifying soil C across four dimensions; measuring the nature of C, as well as its amount; using soil C alongside other indicators; finding better ways of admitting our uncertainty; establishing long-term sites for our successors to measure soil C change; and following flows of C past the farm fences. Recent worries about global warming have focused our attention on "sequestering" soil C to remove atmospheric CO 2 . That aim may be worthy, but perhaps too narrow; a broader goal might be to ensure the productivity, permanence, and health of our agroecosystems and adjacent environments -and use C storage as a measure of progress toward that goal.Key words: Soil organic matter, global carbon cycle, carbon sequestration, global change Janzen, H. H. 2005. Le carbone du sol : un moyen de mesurer la réaction de l'écosystème à un monde en pleine évolution?. Can. J. Soil Sci. 85: 467-480. Le cycle global du carbone (C) est en train de changer, ainsi que le prouve la hausse dramatique de la concentration de CO 2 dans l'atmosphère. Cette situation ravive l'intérêt pour les sols agricoles en tant que dépôt potentiel pour le C en excédent dans l'air. Notre point de vue sur le C du sol n'est donc plus tout à fait le même : naguère, on s'intéressait surtout à la façon dont cet élément affectait la productivité de l'écosystème agricole; à présent, on s'intéresse à la manière dont le C des sols cultivés, par sa dynamique, fait sentir son influence loin au-delà de l'exploitation agricole. Le C du sol sert depuis longtemps à jauger la qualité des sols; désormais, il pourrait servir d'indicateur général pour nous renseigner sur les réactions de l'écosys-tème. Afin d'alimenter le débat, l'auteur lance quelques idées audacieuses sur l'indicateur que le C du sol pourrait devenir sur une planète en métamorphose. On pourrait, par exemple, s'en servir pour mesurer les changements dans le temps et pas seulement dans l'espace; mettre au point des mesures plus sensibles pour suivre l'évolution du C du sol; quantifier le C du sol dans quatre dimensions; préciser la nature du C en plus de sa quantité; utiliser...

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Reduced tillage and increasing cropping intensity in the Great Plains conserves soil C

Cited by 230 publications

References 20 publications

A regional high-resolution carbon flux inversion of North America for 2004

A regional high-resolution carbon flux inversion of North America for 2004

Potencial de culturas de cobertura em acumular carbono e nitrogênio no solo no plantio direto e a melhoria da qualidade ambiental

Soil carbon: A measure of ecosystem response in a changing world?

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