Reduced testosterone production in TM3 Leydig cells treated with<i>Aspalathus linearis</i>(Rooibos) or<i>Camellia sinensis</i>(tea)

Opuwari, Chinyerum Sylvia; Monsees, Thomas K.

doi:10.1111/and.12221

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several earlier studies applied MA-10 [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], BLTK1 [ 20 , 35 ], or TM3 cells [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ] to analyze effects of endogenous and exogenous substances on steroidogenesis by measuring T production using antibody-based methods. In most of these studies there is only limited information available on the specificity of the antibody used, and the commercial suppliers mostly included only a limited number of steroid metabolites in their characterization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Currently available murine Leydig cell lines can be applied to study early steps of steroidogenesis but not testosterone synthesis

Engeli

Fürstenberger

Kratschmar

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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Androgen biosynthesis in males occurs to a large extent in testicular Leydig cells. This study focused on the evaluation of three murine Leydig cell lines as potential screening tool to test xenobiotics interfering with gonadal androgen synthesis. The final step of testosterone (T) production in Leydig cells is catalyzed by the enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17β-hsd3). The endogenous 17β-hsd3 mRNA expression and Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) to T conversion were determined in the murine cell lines MA-10, BLTK1 and TM3. Additionally, effects of 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin stimulation on steroidogenesis and T production were analyzed. Steroids were quantified in supernatants of cells using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Unstimulated cells incubated with AD produced only very low T but substantial amounts of the inactive androsterone. Stimulated cells produced low amounts of T, moderate amounts of AD, but high amounts of progesterone. Gene expression analyses revealed barely detectable 17β-hsd3 levels, absence of 17β-hsd5 (Akr1c6), but substantial 17β-hsd1 expression in all three cell lines. Thus, MA-10, BLTK1 and TM3 cells are not suitable to study the expression and activity of the gonadal T synthesizing enzyme 17β-hsd3. The low T production reported in stimulated MA-10 cells are likely a result of the expression of 17β-hsd1. This study substantiates that the investigated Leydig cell lines MA-10, BLTK1, and TM3 are not suitable to study gonadal androgen biosynthesis due to altered steroidogenic pathways. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the necessity of mass spectrometry-based steroid quantification in experiments using steroidogenic cells such as Leydig cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Currently available murine Leydig cell lines can be applied to study early steps of steroidogenesis but not testosterone synthesis

Engeli

Fürstenberger

Kratschmar

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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“…Aqueous extract of black tea (2% and 5%) was prepared as previously described by Opuwari and Monsees, (2015).…”

Section: Preparation Of Black Tea Aqueous Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To validate this claim, Ratnasooriya and Fernando (2008) showed that oral administration of black tea to male Wistar rats enhanced aphrodisiac activity (prolonged latency of ejaculation, decreased mounting and intromission latencies, with increased level of serum testosterone). On the contrary, treatment of TM3 Leydig cells with black tea (250, 500, 1,000 and 5,000 µg/ml) for 24 hr in vitro resulted in a significant decline in testosterone level (Opuwari & Monsees, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo effects of black tea on the male rat reproductive system and functions of the kidney and liver

Opuwari

Monsees

2020

Andrologia

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This study focused on the effects of black tea on the male reproductive system as well as the kidney and liver functions. Male Wistar rats were given aqueous extract of black tea (2% and 5%) for 52 days as the only means of drinking fluid, while control rats received tap water. Black tea enhanced sperm vitality (44%–49%), total sperm motility (10%–12%) and acrosome reaction (2%–9%) (p < .05). Body weight gain, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, liver weight, testosterone level, sperm concentration, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and antioxidant levels in the testes, liver and kidney remained unchanged (p > .05). Black tea (5%) increased kidney weight (p < .05). Testis and epididymis showed normal histological appearance. However, black tea significantly reduced the diameter (9%–10%) and epithelial height (9%–10%) of the seminiferous tubule, but increased the epithelial height of the cauda epididymis (8%–24%) (p < .05). A significant reduction in serum levels of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) (38%) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) (23%–34%) was observed (p < .05); creatinine level, on the other hand, increased (8%–72%) (p < .05). Black tea improved several sperm parameters, but may cause subtle changes in certain reproductive organs and the kidney functions.

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“…Moreover, rooibos extracts showed positive effects on sperm concentration, viability, and the percentage of motile sperm [ 12 , 13 ]. On the other hand, Opuwari and Monsees [ 14 ] demonstrated that rooibos aqueous extracts possess anti-androgenic properties when were added to TM3 Leydig cells from immature mice testes. Until now, there are no studies about the in vitro effects of rooibos extract on sperm function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract enhances boar sperm velocity up to 96 hours of semen storage

Ros-Santaella

Pintus

2017

PLoS ONE

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Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) is a native shrub from South African fynbos and has become very popular in the last decades for its antioxidant and medicinal attributes. Several studies have shown its beneficial properties in numerous cell lines, but to date, the in vitro effects of rooibos extract on sperm cells are still unknown. In this study, boar semen was supplemented with four concentrations both of fermented and unfermented rooibos extracts during 96 h of liquid storage at 17°C. The effects of rooibos extracts on sperm velocity, membrane integrity, and acrosomal status were evaluated at 2 h, 48 h, and 96 h of semen storage. Overall our results indicate that rooibos extract enhances sperm velocity, protects the acrosome structure, and tends to preserve the membrane integrity during semen storage. Although the unfermented rooibos showed higher total polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity than the fermented one, the latter had better effects on sperm velocity leading to, for instance, an increase of 30% in the rectilinear velocity (VSL) at 48 h compared to the control group. Taking into account the different storage times, we established a suitable range of extracts concentrations to be used in boar semen. The rooibos extract ought to be considered as a powerful and natural source of antioxidants for the preservation of boar semen.

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Reduced testosterone production in TM3 Leydig cells treated withAspalathus linearis(Rooibos) orCamellia sinensis(tea)

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Currently available murine Leydig cell lines can be applied to study early steps of steroidogenesis but not testosterone synthesis

Currently available murine Leydig cell lines can be applied to study early steps of steroidogenesis but not testosterone synthesis

In vivo effects of black tea on the male rat reproductive system and functions of the kidney and liver

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract enhances boar sperm velocity up to 96 hours of semen storage

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