“…Throughout 2000s and 2020s, metaheuristics, evolutionary algorithms, and artificial intelligence started to come in pre‐eminence, becoming widely used to solve the DNR problem. Various methods, such as ant colony search (ACS), 7 particle swarm optimization (PSO), 8–10 bacterial foraging algorithm (BFOA), 11 flower pollination algorithm (FPA), 12 runner‐root algorithm (RRA), 13 cuckoo search (CS), 14 firefly algorithm (FA), 15 wild goats algorithm (WGA), 16 beetle search algorithm (BSA), 17 bat algorithm (BA), 18 whale optimization (WHO), 19 vector immune systems, 20 and deep learning, 21,22 among others, were applied.…”