Reduced salivary secretion contributes more to changes in the oral microbiome of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome than underlying disease

Meulen, Taco A. van der; Harmsen, Hermie J. M.; Bootsma, Hendrika; Liefers, S.C.; Vila, Arnau Vich; Zhernakova, Alexandra; Weersma, Rinse K.; Spijkervet, Fred K. L.; Kroese, Frans G. M.; Vissink, Arjan

doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213026

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Thus, the composition of the salivary microbiota did not differ significantly between the two patient groups. These findings indicate that the salivary microbiota is not determined by the underlying disease of pSS per se, which are in line with the findings of a recent study by van der Meulen et al [20]. In this study, the authors also suggest that reduced salivary flow is a determinant for a bacterial shift [20], but this is in contrast to another study indicating that the dental health status, rather than saliva flow rates, determines the salivary microbiota [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A more recent study using high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene has shown that reduced salivary secretion is associated with a bacterial shift in oral washings, while low relative abundance of Streptococcus was reported as being potentially diseasespecific for pSS, irrespective of saliva flow rate and in comparison with sicca control and healthy control subjects [20]. Zhou abundance of Veillonella species in patients with pSS than in healthy control subjects, but no differences with regard to Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Next-generation sequencing of whole saliva from patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and non-Sjögren’s sicca reveals comparable salivary microbiota

Sembler-Møller

Belstrøm

Locht

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Objective:To characterize and compare the salivary microbiota in patients with pSS and patients with non-Sjögren's-related sicca, and to relate the findings to their oral health status and saliva flow rates. Methods:Twenty-four patients fulfilled the 2016 classification criteria for pSS and 34 did not (non-pSS). A clinical examination included registration of decayed, missing and filled teeth/-surfaces and collection of whole saliva. The microbiota was characterized using next-generation sequencing of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Data were annotated against the eHOMD database. Results:A total of 509 different bacterial taxa were identified. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to the abundance of predominant genera, bacterial diversity and relative abundance on the genus or species level. The two groups did not differ with regard to general health, including intake of xerogenic medication and polypharmacy, oral health status or unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva flow rates. Conclusion: The salivary microbiota and oral health status, as well as salivary flow rate in patients with pSS resemble that of non-pSS patients. Our findings indicate that changes in the salivary microbiota do not appear to be determined by the disease entity pSS itself.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation sequencing of whole saliva from patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and non-Sjögren’s sicca reveals comparable salivary microbiota

Sembler-Møller

Belstrøm

Locht

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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“…Thus, we chose to collect oral bacteria by whole mouthwash. While previous studies reported no difference or a decreased Shannon diversity in SS [10,11,13,14,17], we…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…[9]. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota in SS has been reported [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], but its connection to the etiopathogenesis of SS remains unclear. In addition, a recent study reported that the salivary microbiota of SS patients is comparable to that of non-SS sicca patients [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiotic oral microbiota and infected salivary glands in Sjögren’s syndrome

Alam

Lee

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Key events in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren syndrome (SS) include the change of salivary gland epithelial cells into antigen-presenting cell-like phenotypes and focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS). However, what triggers these features in SS is unknown. Dysbiosis of the gut and oral microbiomes is a potential environmental factor in SS, but its connection to the etiopathogenesis of SS remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiota in SS and to investigate its potential role in the pathogenesis of SS. Oral bacterial communities were collected by whole mouthwash from control subjects (14 without oral dryness and 11 with dryness) and primary SS patients (8 without oral dryness and 17 with dryness) and were analyzed by pyrosequencing. The SS oral microbiota was characterized by an increased bacterial load and Shannon diversity. Through comparisons of control and SS in combined samples and then separately in non-dry and dry conditions, SS-associated taxa independent of dryness were identified. Three SS-associated species and 2 control species were selected and used to challenge human submandibular gland tumor (HSG) cells. Among the selected SS-associated bacterial species, Prevotella melaninogenica uniquely upregulated the expression of MHC molecules, CD80, and IFNλ in HSG cells. Concomitantly, P. melaninogenica efficiently invaded HSG cells. Sections of labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsies from 8 non-SS subjects and 15 SS patients were subjected to in situ hybridization using universal and P. melaninogenica-specific probes. Ductal cells and the areas of infiltration were heavily infected with bacteria in the LSGs with FLS. Collectively, dysbiotic oral microbiota may initiate the deregulation of SGECs and the IFN signature through bacterial invasion into ductal cells. These findings may provide new insights into the etiopathogenesis of SS.

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“…Most studies that have evaluated the microbiota of individuals experiencing significant, chronic reductions in salivary flow (known as hyposalivation) have done so largely without regard for habitat structure in the mouth; most have used rinsing samples. [49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Other work only sampled a single supragingival surface. 56 Of the studies that did sample multiple sites, such as the maxillary and mandibular molars, samples were pooled before analysis, [57][58][59] or summary data were reported for whole mouths rather than for specific sites.…”

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Dental Caries and The Supragingival MImentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial biogeography and ecology of the mouth and implications for periodontal diseases

Proctor

Shelef

González

et al. 2019

Periodontology 2000

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In humans, the composition of microbial communities differs among body sites and between habitats within a single site. Patterns of variation in the distribution of organisms across time and space are referred to as “biogeography.” The human oral cavity is a critical observatory for exploring microbial biogeography because it is spatially structured, easily accessible, and its microbiota has been linked to the promotion of both health and disease. The biogeographic features of microbial communities residing in spatially distinct, but ecologically similar, environments on the human body, including the subgingival crevice, have not yet been adequately explored. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we seek to provide the dental community with a primer on biogeographic theory, highlighting its relevance to the study of the human oral cavity. We summarize what is known about the biogeographic variation of dental caries and periodontitis and postulate that disease occurrence reflects spatial patterning in the composition and structure of oral microbial communities. Second, we present a number of methods that investigators can use to test specific hypotheses using biogeographic theory. To anchor our discussion, we apply each method to a case study and examine the spatial variation of the human subgingival microbiota in 2 individuals. Our case study suggests that the composition of subgingival communities may conform to an anterior‐to‐posterior gradient within the oral cavity. The gradient appears to be structured by both deterministic and nondeterministic processes, although additional work is needed to confirm these findings. A better understanding of biogeographic patterns and processes will lead to improved efficacy of dental interventions targeting the oral microbiota.

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Reduced salivary secretion contributes more to changes in the oral microbiome of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome than underlying disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Next-generation sequencing of whole saliva from patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and non-Sjögren’s sicca reveals comparable salivary microbiota

Next-generation sequencing of whole saliva from patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and non-Sjögren’s sicca reveals comparable salivary microbiota

Dysbiotic oral microbiota and infected salivary glands in Sjögren’s syndrome

Microbial biogeography and ecology of the mouth and implications for periodontal diseases

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