Reduced right frontal cortical thickness in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD and its correlation to clinical variables: A cross-sectional study

Almeida, Luis; Ricardo-Garcell, Josefina; Prado, Hugo Araújo; Barajas, Lázaro; Fernández-Bouzas, Antonio; Ávila, David; Martínez, Reyna B.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.026

Cited by 139 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…We could not detect any effect of medication use or evidence that age, sex or IQ had a significant impact on our findings. Findings in the precentral gyrus, which is linked to motor control, and the prefrontal cortex, which is the target of ADHD medication, 24 are in line with and extend the findings of previous VBM studies, 25,26 cortical thickness studies 27 and region of interest studies 3 on structural differences in the precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex in individuals with ADHD. An important role of abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex and its connections in ADHD is indicated.…”

Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016;41(4)supporting

confidence: 83%

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Vondervoort

Poelmans

Aschrafi

et al. 2016

jpn

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IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate impulsive, hyperactive and/or inattentive symptoms. 1 Previous MRI studies have reported smaller total brain volumes in participants with ADHD than in controls. 2,3 Metaanalyses of regions of interest (ROI) studies have shown significantly smaller volume in total and right cerebral volume, frontal brain areas, the right caudate and cerebellar regions in participants with ADHD than in controls. 3 Volumetric ROI studies, however, are restricted to a small number of a priori selected regions, which could give rise to selection bias.A method that circumvents this potential bias and allows a whole brain, hypothesis-free analysis is voxel-based morphometry (VBM), 4 an MRI analysis technique that assesses differences between groups in voxelwise grey matter volume. Three meta-analyses of VBM studies reporting on partly the same samples have investigated the most prominent volumetric differences between participants with ADHD and controls. [5][6][7] The first meta-analysis (114 children with ADHD and 143 controls) reported smaller grey matter volume in the right putamen and globus pallidus in children with ADHD than in controls. 5 A more recent meta-analysis (202 children and adolescents and 176 adults with ADHD and 344 controls) confirmed the reduced localized subcortical grey matter findings Background: Data on structural brain alterations in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been inconsistent. Both ADHD and brain volumes have a strong genetic loading, but whether brain alterations in patients with ADHD are familial has been underexplored. We aimed to detect structural brain alterations in adolescents and young adults with ADHD compared with healthy controls. We examined whether these alterations were also found in their unaffected siblings, using a uniquely large sample. Methods: We performed voxelbased morphometry analyses on MRI scans of patients with ADHD, their unaffected siblings and typically developing controls. We identified brain areas that differed between participants with ADHD and controls and investigated whether these areas were different in unaffected siblings. Influences of medication use, age, sex and IQ were considered. Results: Our sample included 307 patients with ADHD, 169 unaffected siblings and 196 typically developing controls (mean age 17.2 [range 8-30] yr). Compared with controls, participants with ADHD had significantly smaller grey matter volume in 5 clusters located in the precentral gyrus, medial and orbitofrontal cortex, and (para)cingulate cortices. Unaffected siblings showed intermediate volumes significantly different from controls in 4 of these clusters (all except the precentral gyrus). Medication use, age, sex and IQ did not have an undue influence on the results. Limitations: Our sample was heterogeneous, most participants with ADHD were taking medication, and the comparison was cross-sectional. Conclusion...

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Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016;41(4)supporting

confidence: 83%

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Vondervoort

Poelmans

Aschrafi

et al. 2016

jpn

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“…In a cued target-detection task, Cao et al found that children with ADHD show less activation than controls in the left superior frontal gyrus [81] and in the STOP task, Li et al found that the left superior frontal gyrus is one of the main activation regions in normal children, but not in ADHD children [82] . However, Almeida et al found that the cortical thickness of the right superior frontal gyrus is reduced in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD in contrast to healthy controls [83] . Overmeyer et al found that hyperkinetic children have significant grey matter deficits in the right superior frontal gyrus [84] .…”

Section: Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state brain activity in normal adults: an fMRI study

et al. 2013

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Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain activation during specific cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), few studies have focused on spontaneous brain activity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of MPH on the intra-regional synchronization of spontaneous brain activity during the resting state in 18 normal adult males. A handedness questionnaire and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were applied before medication, and a resting-state fMRI scan was obtained 1 h after medication (20 mg MPH or placebo, order counterbalanced between participants). We demonstrated that: (1) there were no significant differences in the performance of behavioral tasks between the MPH and placebo groups; (2) the left middle and superior temporal gyri had stronger MPHrelated regional homogeneity (ReHo); and (3) the left lingual gyrus had weaker MPH-related ReHo. Our findings showed that the ReHo in some brain areas changes with MPH compared to placebo in normal adults, even though there are no behavioral differences. This method can be applied to patients with mental illness who may be treated with MPH, and be used to compare the difference between patients taking MPH and normal participants, to help reveal the mechanism of how MPH works.

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“…Reduced cortical thickness of bilateral SFG is associated with inattentional impulsivity, as assessed by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, in healthy young adults (Schilling et al, 2012). Reduced cortical thickness specifically of the right SFG is reported in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Almeida et al, 2010). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the SFG modulates craving in cigarette smokers (Rose et al, 2011).…”

Section: A Broader Role Of the Superior Frontal Gyrus In Executive Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

The Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Individual Variation in Proactive Control of Impulsive Response

et al. 2016

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A hallmark of cognitive control is the ability to rein in impulsive responses. Previously, we used a Bayesian model to describe trial-by-trial likelihood of the stop signal or p(Stop) and related regional activations to p(Stop) to response slowing in a stop signal task. Here, we characterized the regional processes of conflict anticipation in association with intersubject variation in impulse control in 114 young adults. We computed the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and a measure of motor urgency, indexed by the reaction time (RT) difference between go and stop error trials or "GoRT Ϫ SERT," where GoRT is the go trial RT and SERT is the stop error RT. Motor urgency and SSRT were positively correlated across subjects. A linear regression identified regional activations to p(Stop), each in correlation with SSRT and motor urgency. We hypothesized that shared neural activities mediate the correlation between motor urgency and SSRT in proactive control of impulsivity. Activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) during conflict anticipation correlated negatively with the SSRT. Activation of the right SFG also correlated negatively with GoRT Ϫ SERT. Therefore, activation of the right SFG was associated with more efficient response inhibition and less motor urgency. A mediation analysis showed that right SFG activation to conflict anticipation mediates the correlation between SSRT and motor urgency bidirectionally. The current results highlight a specific role of the right SFG in translating conflict anticipation to the control of impulsive response, which is consistent with earlier studies suggesting its function in action restraint.

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Reduced right frontal cortical thickness in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD and its correlation to clinical variables: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 139 publications

References 50 publications

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state brain activity in normal adults: an fMRI study

The Right Superior Frontal Gyrus and Individual Variation in Proactive Control of Impulsive Response

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