Reduced-Order Load Models for Large Populations of Flexible Appliances

Abstract

To respond to volatility and congestion in the power grid, demand response (DR) mechanisms allow for shaping the load compared to a base load profile. When tapping on a large population of heterogeneous appliances as a DR resource, the challenge is in modeling the dimensions available for control. Such models need to strike the right balance between accuracy of the model and tractability. The goal of this paper is to provide a medium-grained stochastic hybrid model to represent a population of appliances that belong to two classes: deferrable or thermostatically controlled loads. We preserve quantized information regarding individual load constraints, while discarding information about the identity of appliance owners. The advantages of our proposed population model are 1) it allows us to model and control load in a scalable fashion, useful for exante planning by an aggregator or for real-time load control; 2) it allows for the preservation of the privacy of end-use customers that own submetered or directly controlled appliances.

Identification of charging behavior characteristic for large-scale heterogeneous electric vehicle fleet

“…An overview of the stochastic simulation can be found in the Sect. 6. The details of the simulation method can be found in [18].…”

“…Designing the smart charging schemes needs to evaluate the demand response flexibility of the ACL [6], which first requires to identify two parameters for the natural charging behavior characteristic (NCBC) [7]. The first one is the charging probability (CP), i.e., the probability that a PEV is to be charged when it is parked.…”

“…The sub-metering methods need to build expensive submetering systems to gather the data with regard to the charging request information of PEVs [6,14]. These methods usually aim at designing demand management paradigms that are based on the real time pricing mechanisms.…”

A comprehensive modelling framework for demand side flexibility in smart grids

“…Du and Lu (2011) provide a scheduling algorithm for those thermal appliances. This work is extended by Alizadeh et al (2015), who differentiate between curtailable thermal loads and other deferrable loads. Household behaviour with regards to the provision of flexibility and effects on electricity costs is simulated by Gottwalt et al (2011).…”

Security and Privacy for Emerging Smart Community Infrastructures

“…Wearable health monitoring devices that communicate physical activity, heart rates and other biomedical data to health care professionals provides for new health maintenance and independent living lifestyles. Coordination of residential solar arrays, battery storage, and plug-in electric vehicle chargers would allow novel distributed optimal microgrid control schemes (Alizadeh et al, 2013b;Alizadeh et al, 2014a;Alizadeh et al, 2014b;Alizadeh et al, 2013a;Lu et al, 2013) for neighborhoods. It is critically important, however, that the introduction of these new technologies doesn't introduce new cyber-security vulnerabilities and threats to citizens' privacy.…”