Reduced Neutralization Efficacy against Omicron Variant after Third Boost of BNT162b2 Vaccine among Liver Transplant Recipients

Davidov, Yana; Indenbaum, Victoria; Mandelboim, Michal; Asraf, Keren; Gonen, Tal; Tsaraf, Keren; Cohen‐Ezra, Oranit; Likhter, Mariya; Nemet, Ital; Kliker, Limor; Mor, Orna; Doolman, Ram; Cohen, Carmit; Afek, Arnon; Kreiss, Yitshak; Regev‐Yochay, Gili; Lustig, Yaniv; Ben‐Ari, Ziv

doi:10.3390/v15010253

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…In agreement with several studies in solid organ transplant recipients ( 38 , 39 ), our study demonstrates an increase in humoral response to Omicron BA.1 after the third dose of BNT162b2. The increase in the cross-variant antibody breadth can be extended to the Omicron XBB, as demonstrated in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Third dose of BNT162b2 improves immune response in liver transplant recipients to ancestral strain but not Omicron BA.1 and XBB

et al. 2023

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Vaccine immunogenicity in transplant recipients can be impacted by the immunosuppressive (IS) regimens they receive. While BNT162b2 vaccination has been shown to induce an immune response in liver transplant recipients (LTRs), it remains unclear how different IS regimens may affect vaccine immunogenicity after a third BNT162b2 dose in LTRs, which is especially important given the emergence of the Omicron sublineages of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 95 LTRs receiving single and multiple IS regimens were recruited and offered three doses of BNT162b2 during the study period. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 90, and 180 after the first BNT162b2 dose. At each time point, levels of anti-spike antibodies, their neutralizing activity, and specific memory B and T cell responses were assessed. LTRs receiving single IS regimens showed an absence of poor immunogenicity, while LTRs receiving multiple IS regimens showed lower levels of spike-specific antibodies and immunological memory compared to vaccinated healthy controls after two doses of BNT162b2. With a third dose of BNT162b2, spike-specific humoral, memory B, and T cell responses in LTR significantly improved against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2 and were comparable to those seen in healthy controls who received only two doses of BNT162b2. However, LTRs receiving multiple IS regimens still showed poor antibody responses against Omicron sublineages BA.1 and XBB. A third dose of BNT162b2 may be beneficial in boosting antibody, memory B, and T cell responses in LTRs receiving multiple IS regimens, especially against the ancestral Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the continued vulnerability of LTRs to presently circulating Omicron variants, antiviral treatments such as medications need to be considered to prevent severe COVID-19 in these individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Third dose of BNT162b2 improves immune response in liver transplant recipients to ancestral strain but not Omicron BA.1 and XBB

et al. 2023

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What makes SARS‐CoV‐2 unique? Focusing on the spike protein

Qian,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Cell Biology International

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seriously threatens public health and safety. Genetic variants determine the expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins, which are associated with enhanced transmissibility, enhanced virulence, and immune escape. Vaccination is encouraged as a public health intervention, and different types of vaccines are used worldwide. However, new variants continue to emerge, especially the Omicron complex, and the neutralizing antibody responses are diminished significantly. In this review, we outlined the uniqueness of SARS‐CoV‐2 from three perspectives. First, we described the detailed structure of the spike (S) protein, which is highly susceptible to mutations and contributes to the distinct infection cycle of the virus. Second, we systematically summarized the immunoglobulin G epitopes of SARS‐CoV‐2 and highlighted the central role of the nonconserved regions of the S protein in adaptive immune escape. Third, we provided an overview of the vaccines targeting the S protein and discussed the impact of the nonconserved regions on vaccine effectiveness. The characterization and identification of the structure and genomic organization of SARS‐CoV‐2 will help elucidate its mechanisms of viral mutation and infection and provide a basis for the selection of optimal treatments. The leaps in advancements regarding improved diagnosis, targeted vaccines and therapeutic remedies provide sound evidence showing that scientific understanding, research, and technology evolved at the pace of the pandemic.

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Reduced Neutralization Efficacy against Omicron Variant after Third Boost of BNT162b2 Vaccine among Liver Transplant Recipients

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Third dose of BNT162b2 improves immune response in liver transplant recipients to ancestral strain but not Omicron BA.1 and XBB

Third dose of BNT162b2 improves immune response in liver transplant recipients to ancestral strain but not Omicron BA.1 and XBB

What makes SARS‐CoV‐2 unique? Focusing on the spike protein

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