Reduced metabolic rate during β-adrenergic blockade in humans

Welle, Stephen; Schwartz, Ronald G.; Statt, Marcia

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(91)90053-y

Cited by 92 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several studies of humans have reported on the decrease in RMR and the thermic effect of feeding during administration of nonselective b-AR antagonists, such as propranolol or nadolol (Tappy et al 1986, Welle et al 1991. Consistent with the majority of human studies, compared with wild-type mice, mice genetically modified such that they express none of the three b-AR subtypes demonstrate accelerated weight gain, despite no difference in energy intake (Bachman et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Evidence for this is overwhelming: during b-AR blockade, both resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the magnitude of increase in EE following energy intake (thermic effect of feeding) are decreased (Tappy et al 1986, Welle et al 1991. Furthermore, the thermic effect of feeding is positively associated with the thermogenic response to b-AR stimulation (Stob et al 2007a), and observations of weight gain in patients prescribed b-AR blockers are not uncommon (Sharma et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term sympathoadrenal inhibition augments the thermogenic response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation

Newsom

Richards²,

Johnson³

et al. 2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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Sedentary behavior is associated with an attenuated thermogenic response to b-adrenergic receptor (b-AR) stimulation, an important regulator of energy expenditure (EE) in humans. Chronic stimulation of b-ARs, via heightened activity of the sympathoadrenal system, leads to diminished b-AR function. We have investigated the hypothesis that the thermogenic response of sedentary adults to b-AR stimulation will be increased during short-term sympathoadrenal inhibition. Using a randomly ordered, repeated measures study design, resting EE (REE; indirect calorimetry, ventilated hood technique) and the % increase in EE above REE (%DEE) during acute i.v. isoproterenol administration (nonselective b-AR agonist; 6, 12, and 24 ng/kg fat-free mass per min) were determined in 16 sedentary adults (nine females and seven males, 25G1 years, body mass index: 26 . 1G0 . 9 kg/m 2 , maximal oxygen uptake: 40G2 ml/kg per min (meanGS.E.M.)) in the basal state and on the 6th day of transdermal clonidine administration (centrally acting a2-AR agonist; 0 . 2 mg/day).Relative to baseline, clonidine inhibited sympathoadrenal activity, as evidenced by decreased plasma norepinephrine concentration (1 . 04G0 . 13 vs 0 . 34G0 . 03 nmol/l; P!0 . 001), skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (22 . 5G3 . 8 vs 8 . 5 G1 . 9 bursts/min; PZ0 . 003), and resting heart rate (63G2 vs 49G1 beats/min; P!0 . 001). Sympathoadrenal inhibition decreased REE (6510G243 vs 5857G218 kJ/day; P!0 . 001), increased respiratory exchange ratio (0 . 84G0 . 01 vs 0 . 86 G0 . 01; PZ0 . 03), and augmented the thermogenic response to b-AR stimulation (%DEE: 11G2, 16G2, and 24G2 vs 14G1, 20G2, and 31G2; PZ0 . 04). These data demonstrate that in sedentary humans, short-term inhibition of sympathoadrenal activity increases the thermogenic response to b-AR stimulation, an important determinant of EE and hence energy balance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term sympathoadrenal inhibition augments the thermogenic response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation

Newsom

Richards²,

Johnson³

et al. 2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…29,30 The effects of increased cAMP on different enzyme systems, however, will be moderated by allosteric control mechanisms within the metabolising cells in order to balance ATP production with demand. While this still does not establish that increased sympathetic activity would necessarily increase RMR, specific b1-31 and non-specific (b1-and b2-) 32 antagonists have been shown to reduce the metabolic rate at rest. This does not appear to be mediated through the thermogenic hormone triiodothyronine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This does not appear to be mediated through the thermogenic hormone triiodothyronine. 32 Further stimulation of RMR through caffeine-induced release of the effect of adenosine, acting as a prejunctional inhibitor, would be additional to any direct metabolic effects. Surprisingly, there was no effect of Gx on resting heart rate or blood pressure despite the fact that Gx contains approximately 6 mg of synephrine, 150 mg caffeine and 150 mg catechin polyphenols, which might have been expected to have an effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and physiological effects of ingesting extracts of bitter orange, green tea and guarana at rest and during treadmill walking in overweight males

et al. 2006

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Objective: This study examined the acute effects of ingesting a widely used commercial formula containing extracts of bitter orange, green tea and guarana (Gx) on the metabolic rate and substrate utilisation in overweight, adult males at rest (study 1) and during treadmill walking (study 2). Subjects: Two different groups of 10 sedentary males with more than 20% body fat participated in studies 1 and 2. Design: In each study, subjects participated in two experimental trials during which they were given two 500 mg capsules containing either Gx or a placebo (P) in a counterbalanced double-blind manner. Doses of the main active ingredients were 6 mg of synephrine, 150 mg caffeine and 150 mg catechin polyphenols. Measurements: In study 1, subjects completed 7 h supine rest with baseline measures taken during the first hour, with expired gases, blood pressure, heart rate and venous blood being collected every 30 min for the remaining 6 h following ingestion of Gx or P. In study 2, subjects exercised for 60 min at 60% heart rate reserve following ingestion of Gx or P 1 h previously. Venous blood samples were collected twice at rest and at 5,10,15,20,30, 40, 50 and 60 min, with expired gas measurements taken at 4, 9, 14, 19, 29, 39, 49 and 59 min. In both studies, venous blood was analysed for NEFA, glycerol, glucose and lactate concentrations, while expired gases were used to calculate ATP production from carbohydrate and NEFA, as well as the total substrate utilised. Results and conclusion: The results did not show any significant effect of Gx ingestion on total ATP utilisation during 6 h rest or during 60 min treadmill walking. Changes were observed in the relative contributions of CHO and NEFA oxidation to ATP production in both studies, such that there was an increase in ATP production from CHO and a decrease from NEFA. The increase in CHO oxidation was shown to be as high as 30% at rest.

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“…Furthermore, Schwartz et al (11) reported that clonidine, a central sympathetic inhibitory agent, caused a 6% reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR)' and 33% reduction in the thermic effect ofa meal. Also, Welle et al (12) showed that f3-adrenoceptor blockade with nadolol decreased RMR significantly by 7% without changes in thyroid hormone levels. Recently, using indirect assessments of sympathetic activity, Saad et al (13) showed that sympathetic activity was a determinant ofenergy expenditure in Caucasians but not in Pima Indians, a population with a high prevalence of obesity (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reduced sympathetic nervous activity. A potential mechanism predisposing to body weight gain.

Spraul¹,

Ravussin²,

Fontvieille³

et al. 1993

J. Clin. Invest.

276

175

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The sympathetic nervous system is recognized to play a role in the etiology of animal and possibly human obesity through its impact on energy expenditure and/or food intake. We, therefore, measured fasting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in the peroneal nerve and its relationship with energy expenditure and body composition in 25 relatively lean Pima Indian males (means±SD; 26±6 yr, 82±19 kg, 28±10% body fat) and 19 Caucasian males (29±5 yr, 81±13 kg, 24±9% body fat). 24-h energy expenditure, sleeping metabolic rate, and resting metabolic rate were measured in a respiratory chamber, whereas body composition was estimated by hydrodensitometry.Pima Indians had lower MSNA than Caucasians (23±6 vs 33±10 bursts/min, P = 0.0007). MSNA was significantly related to percent body fat in Caucasians (r = 0.55, P = 0.01) but not in Pimas. MSNA also correlated with energy expenditure adjusted for fat-free mass, fat mass, and age in Caucasians (r = 0.51, P = 0.03; r = 0.54, P = 0.02; and r = 0.53, P = 0.02 for adjusted 24-h energy expenditure, sleeping metabolic rate, and resting metabolic rate, respectively) but not in Pima Indians.In conclusion, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is a determinant of energy expenditure in Caucasians. Individuals with low resting MSNA may be at risk for body weight gain resulting from a lower metabolic rate. A low resting MSNA and the lack of impact of MSNA on metabolic rate might play a role in the etiology of obesity in Pima Indians. (J.

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Reduced metabolic rate during β-adrenergic blockade in humans

Cited by 92 publications

References 19 publications

Short-term sympathoadrenal inhibition augments the thermogenic response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation

Short-term sympathoadrenal inhibition augments the thermogenic response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation

Metabolic and physiological effects of ingesting extracts of bitter orange, green tea and guarana at rest and during treadmill walking in overweight males

Reduced sympathetic nervous activity. A potential mechanism predisposing to body weight gain.

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