Reduced Melanoma After Regular Sunscreen Use: Randomized Trial Follow-Up

Green, Adèle C.; Williams, Gail M.; Logan, Valerie; Strutton, Geoffrey

doi:10.1200/jco.2010.28.7078

Cited by 631 publications

(438 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…29 Recommendations referring to the using of sunscreen may be also beneficial, although further evidence for their efficiency is needed, especially for children. 30 Our study serves to stress the importance of origin and age at migration as factors to consider when evaluating personal risk as well as targeting populations for health promotion activities. A plethora of activities to reduce sun exposure and prevent skin cancer have been undertaken in Israel since 1992, initiated by the Israel Cancer Association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Country of origin, age at migration and risk of cutaneous melanoma: A migrant cohort study of 1,100,000 Israeli men

Levine

Afek

Shamiss

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a common cancer with increasing incidence in many parts of the world where light-skinned populations live. We conducted a large-scale nationally representative migrant cohort study to assess country of origin and age at migration as predictors of CM, controlling for possible confounders. 3.55-4.67) and Israeli origin (HR 5 2.92, 95% CI: 2.25-3.79) compared to N. African/Asian origin, adjusted for year of birth, years of education, residential socio-economic position, rural residence and body surface area (or height). Among those of European origin, the adjusted risk was significantly lower for those who immigrated after the age of 10 years (HR 5 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45-0.73) but not for younger ages (HR 5 1.02, 95% CI 0.84-1.23) compared to Israeli born. The high rates of CM among men of European origin and the almost twofold lower risk among those immigrating after age 10 provide solid support for the deleterious role of childhood sun exposure as a risk factor for melanoma. These findings will serve in directing public health and research efforts.Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a common and potentially lethal cancer with increasing rates in many parts of the world, where light-skinned populations live. 1 The rise in incidence is thought to be linked to changing sun exposure patterns, although many aspects of the etiology of CM are not understood or are poorly quantified. 2 Both genetic and environmental factors are related to the pathogenesis of melanoma. Although not all melanomas are sun related, there is clear and convincing evidence that sun exposure, and more specifically ultra-violet (UV) exposure, is a major environmental cause of melanoma, especially in high-risk populations. 3 Melanoma incidence and mortality among Caucasians correlate with latitude of residence and dose of UV radiation, the highest rates being nearest the equator. 3 In areas as geographically diverse as the United States, New Zealand and Australia, the incidence of melanoma is greater at latitudes closer to the equator. However, in the United States, data from 1992 to 2001 demonstrate that the latitude gradient applies only to non-Hispanic whites. 4 Varying CM incidence rates (highest in Australia, New Zealand, white populations in North America/Europe and the Jewish population in Israel) are most likely due to the combination of levels of sun exposure and innate susceptibility. 5 Known risk factors for CM include multiple or atypical nevi, family history, skin phenotype (such as skin pigmentation, hair and eye color), premalignant and skin cancer lesions and actinic damage

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Country of origin, age at migration and risk of cutaneous melanoma: A migrant cohort study of 1,100,000 Israeli men

Levine

Afek

Shamiss

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Sunscreen is the most common form of sun protection for children and parents 18,24,25 and to date is the only sun-protection measure to demonstrate a reduction in melanoma incidence in a randomized trial. 26 Determining current gaps and deficits in the use of sunscreen will be useful in targeting future interventions to children and their families, to promote proper sunscreen use and, by extension, likely provide important insights into the overall use of sun protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study of Sunburn and Sun Behavior Patterns During Adolescence

et al. 2012

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Childhood UV light exposures, specifically sunburns, have been shown to be associated with melanoma development later in life.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: To date, most studies in this age group have been cross sectional in nature. This is the first prospective study of sunburn and sun behaviors in this age group. abstract OBJECTIVES: Early childhood UV light radiation (UVR) exposures have been shown to be associated with melanoma development later in life. The objective of this study was to assess sunburn and changes in sunburn and sun behaviors during periadolescence. METHODS:A prospective, population-based study was conducted in fifthgrade children (∼10 years of age) from Framingham, Massachusetts. Surveys were administered at baseline (September-October 2004) and again 3 years later (September-October 2007). Surveys were analyzed to assess prevalence of reported sunburn and sun behaviors and to examine changes in response over the follow-up period.RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 360 participants who had complete information regarding sunburn at both time points. In 2004, ∼53% of the students reported having at least 1 sunburn during the previous summer, and this proportion did not significantly change by 2007 (55%, P = .79), whereas liking a tan and spending time outside to get a tan significantly increased (P , .001). In 2004, 50% of students reported "often or always" use of sunscreen when outside for at least 6 hours in the summer; this proportion dropped to 25% at the followup evaluation (P , .001).CONCLUSIONS: With at least 50% of children experiencing sunburns before age 11 and again 3 years later, targeting children in pediatric offices and community settings regarding unprotected UV exposure may be a practical approach. Because periadolescence is a time of volatility with regard to sun behaviors, learning more about children who receive sunburns versus those who avoid them is a critical research task.

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“…56 In recent years, strong evidence has indicated that the use of tanning beds is addictive and associated with the development of skin cancers, including melanoma. 52,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] As previously mentioned, in 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer published a special report on human carcinogens and raised the classification of UV-emitting tanning devices to group 1 (carcinogenic to humans). 52 The World Health Organization has recommended a complete ban on indoor tanning for minors younger than 18 years.…”

Section: What Is the Relationship Between The Use Of Tanning Beds Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 In recognition of the wide variability of vitamin D synthesis secondary to sun exposure (due to factors such as cloud cover, season, time of day, and skin pigmentation) and the risks of skin cancer, the recommendations were made with an assumption of minimal or no sun exposure. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] In November 2010, the IOM established recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for adults and allowable intake (AI) levels for infants (0-12 months of age) for vitamin D; RDA is defined as intake that meets the needs of 97.5% or more of the population, and AI is defined as a level of intake assumed to ensure adequate nutrition when there is lack of evidence to set an RDA. 10,18 The AIs and RDAs are as follow: 0 to 12 months of age, 400 IU/d; between 1 and 70 years of age, 600 IU/d; and older than 70 years, 800 IU/d.…”

Section: What Are the Current Recommendations On Vitamin D Intake Andmentioning

confidence: 99%