Reduced joint reaction and muscle forces with barefoot running

Kim, Hyun Kyung; Mei, Qichang; Gu, Yaodong; Mirjalili, Ali; Fernandez, Justin

doi:10.1080/10255842.2021.1880572

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In line with our study, previous research also found no significant differences in hip kinematics on initial contact and at peak values between running in conventional shoes and minimalist shoes [ 38 , 39 ]. Other studies have reported that, compared with conventional shoes, barefoot running decreased the contralateral pelvic drop, hip adduction, hip internal rotation, and hip joint reaction force [ 37 , 49 ]. These results indicated that altering shoe structure had less of an effect on the hip joint than removing running shoes and was not sufficient to affect the characteristic values of hip kinematics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite acknowledging that hip kinematics contribute to knee injuries, a lack of research exists regarding the influence of running shoes with and without drops on three−dimensional hip kinematics. One study demonstrated that running in conventional shoes increased the peak joint reaction force at the hip joint [ 37 ]; other studies showed no significant differences in the biomechanics of the hip joint while wearing conventional shoes with drops compared to minimalist shoes and being barefoot [ 38 , 39 ]. The different results of previous studies are likely due to using different kinds of running shoes with varying materials and constructions; additionally, different types of minimalist shoes induced different changes [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Flat Running Shoes on Hip Kinematics in Male Recreational Runners

Zhang

Chen

Liu

2022

IJERPH

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Patellofemoral joint pain and iliotibial band syndrome are very common running−related injuries. Excessive contralateral pelvic drop, hip adduction, and hip internal rotation have been suggested to be associated with the two injuries. The purpose of this repeated measures and the cross−sectional study was to investigate the effect of flat running shoes on these kinematic variables compared with that of conventional running shoes with a 10 mm drop. Eighteen male recreational runners were recruited to run in flat shoes and conventional shoes with a 10 mm drop, in random order. Impact force data and lower extremity kinematics were synchronously obtained using two Kistler force plates and eight motion infrared cameras, whereas differences in the impact force and hip kinematics were compared using statistical parametric mapping. Regarding hip kinematics, the hip flexion (p = 0.004) and adduction angles (p = 0.004) decreased significantly at 30–70% and 62–85% of the stance phase, respectively, while wearing flat running shoes; the contralateral pelvic drop angle (p = 0.001) decreased significantly at 31–75% of the stance phase while wearing flat running shoes. The knee internal rotation angle (p = 0.035) decreased significantly at 8–17% of the stance phase while wearing flat running shoes compared with conventional running shoes. Given that these kinematic variables are associated with patellofemoral joint pain and iliotibial band syndrome, flat running shoes may have potential benefits for the prevention or treatment of knee injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Flat Running Shoes on Hip Kinematics in Male Recreational Runners

Zhang

Chen

Liu

2022

IJERPH

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“…The surface electromyogram (EMG) wireless 32-channel system (Delsys, Boston, MA, USA) collected participants' muscle activities during the running phase. Muscle activity included vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus muscle (SL), flexor hallucis longus (FHL), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and were collected at a frequency of 1000 Hz [36]. Maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of the muscles were performed for the normalization of muscle activity (0-100%) following a previously established protocol [37].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Lower Limb Muscle Activation Using Running Shoes with Different Heel-to-Toe Drops Using Opensim

Quan

Gao

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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Background: Although numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the acute effects of shoe drops on running kinematics and kinetic variables, their effects on muscle forces remain unknown. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to compare the muscle force, kinematics, and kinetic variables of habitually rearfoot runners with heel-to-toe drops of negative 8 mm shoes (minimalist shoes) and positive 9 mm shoes (normal shoes) during the running stance phase by using musculoskeletal modeling and simulation techniques. Methods: Experimental data of lower limb kinematics, ground reaction force, and muscle activation from 16 healthy runners with rearfoot strike patterns were collected and analyzed in OpenSim. Using Matlab, the statistical parameter mapping paired t-test was used to compare the joint angle, moment, and muscle force waveform. Results: The results revealed differences in the sagittal ankle and hip angles and sagittal knee moments between the different heel-to-toe drops of running shoes. Specifically, it showed that the negative 8 mm running shoes led to significantly smaller values than the positive 9 mm running shoes in terms of the angle of ankle dorsiflexion, ankle eversion, knee flexion, hip flexion, and hip internal and hip external rotation. The peak ankle dorsiflexion moment, ankle plantarflexion moment, ankle eversion moment, knee flexion moment, knee abduction moment, and knee internal rotation also decreased obviously with the minimalist running shoes, while the lateral gastrocnemius, Achilleas tendon, and extensor hallucis longus muscles were obviously greater in the minimalist shoes compared to normal shoes. The vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and extensor digitorum longus muscles force were smaller in the minimalist shoes. Conclusions: Runners may shift to a midfoot strike pattern when wearing negative running shoes. High muscle forces in the gastrocnemius lateral, Achilleas tendon, and flexor hallucis longus muscles may also indicate an increased risk of Achilleas tendonitis and ankle flexor injuries.

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“…A systematic review study revealed a small effect between foot pronation and the risk of medial tibial stress syndrome, suggesting that foot pronation may not be directly associated with the foot injury ( Neal et al, 2014 ). Furthermore, a more recent radiologic study reported that significant ankle kinematic changes associated with supination of the foot were not related to the diagnosis of diseases ( Kim et al, 2019a ; Kim et al, 2021 ). This study interestingly observed that novice runners, who did not show ankle kinematic changes after mid-distance barefoot running, revealed early indications of cartilage degeneration or deteriorating effects by increasing the T2 relaxation time in MRI-derived T2 maps.…”

Section: Foot Morphology Shape and Posture In Running Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward improved understanding of foot shape, foot posture, and foot biomechanics during running: A narrative review

Mei

Kim²,

Xiang³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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The current narrative review has explored known associations between foot shape, foot posture, and foot conditions during running. The artificial intelligence was found to be a useful metric of foot posture but was less useful in developing and obese individuals. Care should be taken when using the foot posture index to associate pronation with injury risk, and the Achilles tendon and longitudinal arch angles are required to elucidate the risk. The statistical shape modeling (SSM) may derive learnt information from population-based inference and fill in missing data from personalized information. Bone shapes and tissue morphology have been associated with pathology, gender, age, and height and may develop rapid population-specific foot classifiers. Based on this review, future studies are suggested for 1) tracking the internal multi-segmental foot motion and mapping the biplanar 2D motion to 3D shape motion using the SSM; 2) implementing multivariate machine learning or convolutional neural network to address nonlinear correlations in foot mechanics with shape or posture; 3) standardizing wearable data for rapid prediction of instant mechanics, load accumulation, injury risks and adaptation in foot tissue and bones, and correlation with shapes; 4) analyzing dynamic shape and posture via marker-less and real-time techniques under real-life scenarios for precise evaluation of clinical foot conditions and performance-fit footwear development.

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Reduced joint reaction and muscle forces with barefoot running

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of Flat Running Shoes on Hip Kinematics in Male Recreational Runners

Effect of Flat Running Shoes on Hip Kinematics in Male Recreational Runners

Simulation of Lower Limb Muscle Activation Using Running Shoes with Different Heel-to-Toe Drops Using Opensim

Toward improved understanding of foot shape, foot posture, and foot biomechanics during running: A narrative review

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