“…Altered cortical connectivity in ASD has been posited to result from atypical brain overgrowth and neural pruning during critical periods of experience-dependent neurodevelopment (see Courchesne et al, 2005a for a review). Although there is a substantial body of literature indicative of cortical under-connectivity in individuals with ASD during a resting state (e.g., Cherkassy, Kana, Keller, & Just, 2006; Coben, Clarke, Hudspeth, & Barry, 2008; Lazarev, Pontes, Mitrofanov, & deAzevedo, 2013), language processing (Jones et al, 2010; Just et al, 2004; Kana, Keller, Cherskassky, Minshew, & Just, 2006), working memory (Koshino et al, 2005, 2008), affective processing (Wicker et al, 2008), perceptual processing (Darmala et al, 2010; Villalobos, Mizuno, Dahl, Kemmotsu, & Muller, 2005), and executive functioning (Just et al, 2007), there is also evidence of cortical over-connectivity during rest, imitation, and memory performance (e.g., Lynch et al, 2013; Uddin et al, 2013; Shih et al, 2010; Noonan et al, 2009). Studies have also reported both increased and decreased cortical connectivity in individuals with ASD that appears to be mediated by the frequency of neural oscillations and distance between cortical networks (e.g., Kitzbichler et al, in press).…”