ABSTRACT. Low complexity (LC) prion-like domains are over-represented among RNAbinding proteins (RBPs) and contribute to the dynamic nature of RNA granules. Importantly, several neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by cytoplasmic "solid" aggregates formed by mainly nuclear RBPs harboring LC prion-like domains. Although RBP aggregation in disease has been extensively characterized, it remains unknown how the process of aging disturbs RBP dynamics. Our recent study revealed that RNA granule components including 2 key stress granule RBPs with LC prion-like domains, PAB-1 and TIAR-2, aggregate in aged Caenorhabditis elegans in the absence of disease. Here we present new evidence showing that sustained stress granule formation triggers RBP aggregation. In addition, we demonstrate that mild chronic stress during aging promotes mislocalization of nuclear RBPs. We discuss the consequences of aberrant interactions between age-related RBP aggregation and diseaseassociated RBP aggregation. In particular, we show that FUST-1 and PAB-1 co-localize in aberrant cytoplasmic accumulations. Significantly, long-lived animals with reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling abrogate stress granule RBP aggregation through activation of the transcription factors HSF-1 and DAF-16. We evaluate the different mechanisms that could maintain dynamic Ó 2017 Deutsches Zentrum f€ ur Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. 313 Prion, 11:313-322, 2017 Published with license by Taylor & Francis ISSN: 1933-68961933-690X online DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017 stress granules. Together these findings highlight how changes with age could contribute to pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and disruption of RNA homeostasis.