Reduced Influence of Perceptual Context in Schizophrenia: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Evidence

Pokorny, Victor J.; Lano, Timothy J.; Schallmo, Michael-Paul; Olman, Cheryl A.; Sponheim, Scott R.

doi:10.1101/795534

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…It is possible that the relatively poor acuity across all groups was a consequence of the visual working distance being a poor match for the correction a given participant was using. To further complicate the matter, we did not observe significant differences in acuity between HC and PSZ as has been reported previously (however see 37 ). This may suggest that our convenience sample of HCs happened to have unusually poor acuity relative to the general population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…3A). In a recent study of contour integration, we found that contour detection performance of relatives was particularly robust against suppression by flanking context 37 , to the point that their performance was superior to a control group. These findings together suggest that surround suppression might be subtly reduced by genetic liability for schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Reduced contrast surround suppression associated with schizophrenia depends on visual acuity and scene context

Pokorny

Schallmo

Sponheim

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Perceptual distortions are core features of psychosis. Weakened surround suppression has been proposed as a neural mechanism of such atypical perceptual experiences. While previous work has measured suppression by asking participants to report the perceived contrast of a low-contrast target surrounded by a high-contrast surround, it is possible to modulate perceived contrast solely by manipulating the orientation of a matched-contrast center and surround. Removing the bottom-up segmentation cue of contrast difference and isolating the orientation-dependent suppression may clarify the neural processes responsible for atypical surround suppression in psychosis. We examined surround suppression across a spectrum of psychotic psychopathology including people with schizophrenia (PSZ; N=31) and bipolar disorder (PBD; N=29), first-degree biological relatives of these patient groups (PBDrel, PSZrel; N=28, N=21, respectively), and healthy controls (N=29). Surround suppression deficits in PSZ, while observable under many stimulus conditions, were absent under the condition that produced the strongest suppression. PBD and PSZrel exhibited intermediate suppression, while PBDrel performed most similarly to controls. Intriguingly, group differences in surround suppression magnitude were moderated by visual acuity. We propose a potential model by which visual acuity and/or focal attention interact with untuned gain control that reproduces the observed pattern of results including the lack of group differences when orientation of center and surround are the same. Our findings further elucidate perceptual mechanisms of impaired center-surround processing in psychosis and provide insights into the effects of visual acuity on orientation-dependent suppression in PSZ.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Reduced contrast surround suppression associated with schizophrenia depends on visual acuity and scene context

Pokorny

Schallmo

Sponheim

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Analyses focused on the early visual ERP components evoked by this paradigm during the first ~200 ms after stimulus presentation. Early visual-evoked responses have been shown to be reduced in schizophrenia (e.g., (27,33,(58)(59)(60)(61)), but see (61)(62)(63) for differing evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early visual processing as a marker of disease, not vulnerability: Event-related potential (ERP) evidence from 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a population at high risk for schizophrenia

Francisco

Foxe

Horsthuis

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We investigated visual processing in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), a condition characterized by an increased risk for schizophrenia. Visual processing differences have been described in schizophrenia but remain understudied early in the disease course. Electrophysiology was recorded during a visual adaptation task with different interstimulus intervals to investigate visual processing and adaptation in 22q11.2DS (with (22q+) and without (22q-) psychotic symptoms), compared to control and idiopathic schizophrenia groups. Analyses focused on early windows of visual processing. While increased amplitudes were observed in 22q11.2DS in an earlier time window (90-140 ms), decreased responses were seen later (165-205 ms) in schizophrenia and 22q+. 22q11.2DS, and particularly 22q-, presented increased adaptation effects. We argue that while amplitude and adaptation in the earlier time window may reflect specific neurogenetic aspects associated with a deletion in chromosome 22, amplitude in the later window may be a marker of the presence of psychosis and/or of its chronicity/severity.

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“…Bipolar disorder patients have also shown auditory MMN deficits ( 17 ), as well as visual sensory processing deficits indexed by altered visual MMN/P300 ( 18 ), diminished P100 response on a “Go-No-Go” task ( 19 ), and diminished P300 on a contour perception task ( 20 ). Across psychotic disorders, these deficits appear to have downstream consequences for ‘higher-order’ cognition such as memory and executive control, and contribute to global cognitive impairments observed in these populations ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in Auditory and Visual Sensory Discrimination Reflect a Genetic Liability for Psychosis and Predict Disruptions in Global Cognitive Functioning

et al. 2020

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Sensory discrimination thresholds (i.e., the briefest stimulus that can be accurately perceived) can be measured using tablet-based auditory and visual sweep paradigms. These basic sensory functions have been found to be diminished in patients with psychosis. However, the extent to which worse sensory discrimination characterizes genetic liability for psychosis, and whether it is related to clinical symptomatology and community functioning remains unknown. In the current study we compared patients with psychosis (PSY; N=76), their first-degree biological relatives (REL; N=44), and groups of healthy controls (CON; N=13 auditory and visual/N=275 auditory/N=267 visual) on measures of auditory and visual sensory discrimination, and examined relationships with a battery of symptom, cognitive, and functioning measures. Sound sweep thresholds differed among the PSY, REL, and CON groups, driven by higher thresholds in the PSY compared to CON group, with the REL group showing intermediate thresholds. Visual thresholds also differed among the three groups, driven by higher thresholds in the REL versus CON group, and no significant differences between the REL and PSY groups. Across groups and among patients, higher thresholds (poorer discrimination) for both sound and visual sweeps strongly correlated with lower global cognitive scores. We conclude that low-level auditory and visual sensory discrimination deficits in psychosis may reflect genetic liability for psychotic illness. Critically, these deficits relate to global cognitive disruptions that are a hallmark of psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia.

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Reduced Influence of Perceptual Context in Schizophrenia: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Evidence

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Reduced contrast surround suppression associated with schizophrenia depends on visual acuity and scene context

Reduced contrast surround suppression associated with schizophrenia depends on visual acuity and scene context

Early visual processing as a marker of disease, not vulnerability: Event-related potential (ERP) evidence from 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a population at high risk for schizophrenia

Deficits in Auditory and Visual Sensory Discrimination Reflect a Genetic Liability for Psychosis and Predict Disruptions in Global Cognitive Functioning

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