Reduced inflammatory responses of follicular helper T cell promote the development of regulatory B cells after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass

Zhan, Junfang; Huang, Liyu; Ma, Hongmin; Chen, Huan; Yang, Yuan; Sheng, T. T.; Song, Wendy; Zhao, Weiguo; Dai, Xiaojiang

doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12740

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…A negative correlation between Th2 levels and fasting glucose concentration was also found [78]. Likewise, in another study, a negative correlation between Tfh IL10+ cell percentage change and BMI, glucose levels, and fat mass percentage was found after RYGB [83]. As inflammation is one of the mechanisms leading to insulin resistance and other obesity-related comorbidities, an increase in the anti-inflammatory lymphocyte subpopulation associated with decreased glucose levels after bariatric surgery might suggest that changes in cellular immunity after weight loss are linked to metabolic improvements.…”

Section: Changes In Adaptive Cellular Immunity Elicited By Bariatrmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In addition, Tfh IL-10+ was shown to promote the differentiation of naïve B cells toward an IL-10- and TGF- β -secreting phenotype, directly mediated by IL-10 itself. B cells isolated after RYGB were found to express more IL-10 and TGF- β [83]. These findings demonstrate an overall decrease in inflammatory cytokines and an overall increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by Tfh cells which may have a direct effect on the differentiation of anti-inflammatory B cells.…”

Section: Bariatric Surgery Drives a Shift In Adaptive Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Interplay between the Adaptive Immune System and Insulin Resistance in Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery

Villarreal-Calderón

Cuéllar

Ramos-González

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Low-grade chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role among other pathophysiological mechanisms involved in obesity. Innate and adaptive immune cells undergo systemic proinflammatory polarization that gives rise to an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn leads to insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity, as it brings on significant weight loss, glucose metabolism improvement, and a decrease in systemic inflammation biomarkers. After bariatric surgery, several changes have been reported to occur in adaptive immunity, including reduction in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, a decrease in the Th1/Th2 ratio, an increase in B regulatory cells, and reduction in proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Overall, there seems to be a major shift in several lymphocyte populations from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, increased antioxidant activity and reduced lipid and DNA oxidation products have been reported after bariatric surgery in circulating mononuclear cells. This paper highlights the shift in the adaptive immune system in response to weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity, as well as the interplay between immunological and metabolic adaptations as a result of bariatric surgery. Finally, based on data from research, we propose several mechanisms such as changes in adaptive immune cell phenotypes and their by-products, recruitment in adipose tissue, reduced oxidative stress, and modification in metabolic substrate availability as drivers to reduce low-grade chronic inflammation after bariatric surgery in severe obesity.

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Section: Changes In Adaptive Cellular Immunity Elicited By Bariatrmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Bariatric Surgery Drives a Shift In Adaptive Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interplay between the Adaptive Immune System and Insulin Resistance in Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery

Villarreal-Calderón

Cuéllar

Ramos-González

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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show abstract

“…47 Following RYGB, there was an increase in the frequency of B-cells producing IL-10 with a concomitant rise in regulatory B-cell subsets as well as an increase in follicular helper T-cell secretion of IL-10. 75,97 In contrast, six months after VSG, there was no statistically significant difference in plasma IL-10 levels compared to baseline. 40 As an antiinflammatory, weight loss by lifestyle change does increase circulating IL-10; however, depending on the bariatric surgery, IL-10 levels in circulation may not be beneficially changed.…”

Section: The Inflammation Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 86%

The immune remodel: Weight loss-mediated inflammatory changes to obesity

Phillips

Grayson

2020

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Obesity is an escalating world problem that contributes to the complexity and cost of treatment of metabolic disorders. Obesity is the result of increased storage of energy in the form of adipose tissue, reducing the quality of daily life, and interfering with longevity. Obesity is also a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disorder. The inflammatory processes affect many organ systems with expanded numbers of immune cells and increased cytokine production. Long-term weight loss is difficult to achieve and maintain. Lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical methods are increasingly utilized to ameliorate excess body weight and the comorbidities of obesity, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and cancers. Weight loss is also touted to reduce inflammation. Here we review the current literature on human obesity-related systemic and local changes to the immune system and circulating inflammatory mediators. Further, we consider the impact of weight loss to reduce the burden of inflammation, bearing in mind the different methods of weight loss—behavioral change vs. surgical intervention. Impact statement As the prevalence and severity of obesity expand, the negative impact of excess adiposity affects every system of the body. Given that obesity is a subversive attack on the immune system, weight loss should improve inflammation locally and systemically. Weight management strategies like dieting, exercise, and bariatric surgery, thus have the opportunity to reduce the burden of inflammation.

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“…Both human and rodent studies show that, following surgical weight loss procedures, peripheral blood lymphocytes are reduced further than excess body weight loss would predict (20,66,82). Furthermore, the reactivity and function of the remaining circulating lymphocytes have altered profiles of cytokine secretion (22,81). Some studies suggest increased homing of immune cells to peripheral tissue depots, such as the adipose tissue (39).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered immune system in offspring of rat maternal vertical sleeve gastrectomy

Spann

Taylor

Welch

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Women undergoing metabolic surgery for weight loss see many improvements in health, including reduced adiposity and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Fertility is also improved by bariatric surgery and the number of large for gestational day births are reduced. Unfortunately, fetal demise and low birth weights are more prevalent following bariatric surgery, and children born small for gestational age are at an increased risk of obesity as adults. We have replicated these findings in a rat model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), however, the origin of these poor outcomes in offspring remains unknown. We have previously reported a reduction in plasma T lymphocytes in pregnant female VSG rats compared to pregnant Sham surgery rats, and increased circulating Immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein. We also reported in the placenta increased mRNA levels of interleukin 1 β (IL1B), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in VSG animals compared to Shams as well as increased TUNEL positive cells indicating apoptosis. We have currently expanded our work in the placenta, finding that mRNA for B cell marker, PTPRC, and cytotoxic T cell marker, CD8A, is elevated in VSG dams. In postnatal day 21 (PND21) pups, we measure lower circulating B lymphocytes in both males and females born to VSG dams compared to pups born to Sham dams, as well as elevated total IgG, while T cells and monocytes were not altered. In the pup hypothalamus at PND21, IL1B mRNA is elevated and this persists until PND120 in males fed chow diet. Transcription of other pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, is not altered in the hypothalamus. These data suggest that VSG surgery alters the immune system in utero and these changes may affect immune health postnatally. Future work will determine what signalling pathways transduce this immune response and if they contribute to low birth weight and metabolic syndrome in offspring. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

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Reduced inflammatory responses of follicular helper T cell promote the development of regulatory B cells after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Interplay between the Adaptive Immune System and Insulin Resistance in Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery

Interplay between the Adaptive Immune System and Insulin Resistance in Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery

The immune remodel: Weight loss-mediated inflammatory changes to obesity

Altered immune system in offspring of rat maternal vertical sleeve gastrectomy

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