Reduced Inferior Frontal Gyrus Activation During Response Inhibition to Emotional Stimuli in Youth at High Risk of Bipolar Disorder

Frontal lobe hypoactivation in medication-free adults with bipolar II depression during response inhibition

“…It has been speculated that the IFC is involved in the highest level of behavior regulation, including emotion regulation, through pathways between the IFC and autonomic systems that govern visceral responses associated with affective stimuli (Cabeza and Nyberg, 2000). Chronic IFC hypoactivation across mood states and tasks, as well as studies reporting decreased IFC in unaffected subjects at genetic risk for BP (Roberts et al, 2013) and early in the course of BP (Leibenluft and Rich, 2008), further support this as a potential trait marker for BP.…”

Assessment of first and second degree relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder shows increased genetic risk scores in both affected relatives and young At‐Risk Individuals

“…This group has also reported polygene associations with limbic brain activation during functional MRI [Whalley et al, 2012], and white matter integrity measures from DTI in a bipolar at‐risk cohort [Whalley et al, 2012]. Neuroimaging biomarkers have previously been identified in the Australian at‐risk subjects which were part of the current study, with a lack of recruitment of the inferior frontal gyrus in the high‐risk participants compared to healthy controls during an fMRI emotion inhibition task [Roberts et al, 2013]. Further investigations on the impact of polygenic risk on neuroimaging biomarkers may be particularly informative.…”

“…Subjects were aged between 12 and 30 years, and were ascertained from five independent sites in the US [Nurnberger et al, 2011] (Johns Hopkins University; University of Michigan; Washington University in St. Louis; Indiana University) and Australia [Roberts et al, 2013] (University of New South Wales). “At‐risk” subjects were recruited from families who had previously participated in BP genetics studies [Nurnberger et al, 1997; Dick et al, 2003; Fullerton et al, 2010], a specialized BP research clinic [Mitchell et al, 2009], were referred by clinicians or mental health consumer organizations, or responded to other forms of publicity.…”

784. Structural Dysconnectivity of Key Cognitive and Emotional Hubs in Young People at High Genetic Risk for Bipolar Disorder

“…49,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58] The specific involvement of the IFG adds to a converging body of evidence from structural and functional studies of BD. [59][60][61][62][63][64] Likewise, the involvement of the insula adds to a growing number of reports of structural and functional differences in HR cohorts. 23,[65][66][67] The involvement of a left-sided network is unique to the at-risk group (relative to CNs) and is not present in the bipolar group.…”