Reduced infection in mosquitoes exposed to blood meals containing previously frozen flaviviruses

Richards, Stephanie L.; Pesko, Kendra N.; Alto, Barry W.; Mores, Christopher N.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.06.019

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…collecting supernatant directly from cells at the peak infection for use in artificial blood-meals without previous freezing) [25–27]. Since little is known about mosquito infections with ZIKV, we first tested whether frozen-thawed virus was equivalent to fresh virus in mosquito infections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Competence of American Mosquitoes for Three Strains of Zika Virus

et al. 2016

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In 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus) emerged in the Americas, causing millions of infections in dozens of countries. The rapid spread of the virus and the association with disease outcomes such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly make understanding transmission dynamics essential. Currently, there are no reports of vector competence (VC) of American mosquitoes for ZIKV isolates from the Americas. Further, it is not clear whether ZIKV strains from other genetic lineages can be transmitted by American Aedes aegypti populations, and whether the scope of the current epidemic is in part facilitated by viral factors such as enhanced replicative fitness or increased vector competence. Therefore, we characterized replication of three ZIKV strains, one from each of the three phylogenetic clades in several cell lines and assessed their abilities to be transmitted by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Additionally, laboratory colonies of different Culex spp. were infected with an American outbreak strain of ZIKV to assess VC. Replication rates were variable and depended on virus strain, cell line and MOI. African strains used in this study outcompeted the American strain in vitro in both mammalian and mosquito cell culture. West and East African strains of ZIKV tested here were more efficiently transmitted by Ae. aegypti from Mexico than was the currently circulating American strain of the Asian lineage. Long-established laboratory colonies of Culex mosquitoes were not efficient ZIKV vectors. These data demonstrate the capacity for additional ZIKV strains to infect and replicate in American Aedes mosquitoes and suggest that neither enhanced virus replicative fitness nor virus adaptation to local vector mosquitoes seems likely to explain the extent and intensity of ZIKV transmission in the Americas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Competence of American Mosquitoes for Three Strains of Zika Virus

et al. 2016

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“…Also, in the case of DENV and St. Louis encephalitis virus, frozen stocks are less infectious for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes than freshly harvested, cell culture–derived virus ( 30 ). The FSS 13025 strain of Zika virus infected only 75% of Salvador Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation inAedes aegyptiMosquito Competence for Zika Virus Transmission

Roundy¹,

Azar²,

Rossi³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

164

180

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To test whether Zika virus has adapted for more efficient transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, leading to recent urban outbreaks, we fed mosquitoes from Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and the United States artificial blood meals containing 1 of 3 Zika virus strains (Senegal, Cambodia, Mexico) and monitored infection, dissemination, and virus in saliva. Contrary to our hypothesis, Cambodia and Mexica strains were less infectious than the Senegal strain. Only mosquitoes from the Dominican Republic transmitted the Cambodia and Mexica strains. However, blood meals from viremic mice were more infectious than artificial blood meals of comparable doses; the Cambodia strain was not transmitted by mosquitoes from Brazil after artificial blood meals, whereas 61% transmission occurred after a murine blood meal (saliva titers up to 4 log10 infectious units/collection). Although regional origins of vector populations and virus strain influence transmission efficiency, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes appear to be competent vectors of Zika virus in several regions of the Americas.

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“…Previous results showed that fresh preparation of low-titered SLEV is an effective method for infecting mosquitoes by artificial feeding systems 31. Consequently, a T-75 cm 2 flask of confluent African green monkey (Vero) cells was inoculated with 0.15 mL of SLEV stock previously determined by plaque assay to have 6.0 logs plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Biological Factors Influencing Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) Vector Competence for Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus

Richards¹,

Lord²,

Tabachnick³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Complex interactions between environmental and biological factors influence the susceptibility of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to St. Louis encephalitis virus and could affect the epidemiology of virus transmission. Similar interactions could have epidemiologic implications for other vector-virus systems. We conducted an experiment to examine four such factors in combination: mosquito age, extrinsic incubation temperature (EIT), virus dose, and colony. The proportion of mosquitoes with body infections or disseminated infections varied between colonies, and was dependant on age, EIT, and dose. We also show that the probability of a body or leg infection interacted in complex ways between colonies, ages, EITs, and doses. The complex interactive effects of environmental and biological factors must be taken into account for studies of vector competence and epidemiology, especially when laboratory studies are used to generalize to natural transmission dynamics where the extent of variation is largely unknown.

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Reduced infection in mosquitoes exposed to blood meals containing previously frozen flaviviruses

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Vector Competence of American Mosquitoes for Three Strains of Zika Virus

Vector Competence of American Mosquitoes for Three Strains of Zika Virus

Variation inAedes aegyptiMosquito Competence for Zika Virus Transmission

Environmental and Biological Factors Influencing Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) Vector Competence for Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus

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