Reduced Graphene Oxide-Polydopamine-Gold Nanoparticles: A Ternary Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Genosensor for Rapid and Early Mycobacterium tuberculosis Detection

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a devastating human illness for thousands of years. According to the WHO, around 10.4 million new cases of tuberculosis are identified every year, with 1.8 million deaths. To reduce these statistics and the mortality rate, an early and accurate TB diagnosis is essential. This study offers a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) detection based on a ternary nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide, polydopamine, and gold nanoparticles (rGO-PDA-AuNP). Avidin-biotin coupling was used to bind the MTB probe DNA onto the rGO-PDA-AuNP modified glassy carbon electrode (ssDNA/avidin/rGO-PDA-AuNP). UV-Visible, Raman, XRD, and TEM were used to evaluate the structural and morphological characteristics of rGO-PDA-AuNP. Furthermore, DNA immobilization is validated using FESEM and FT-IR techniques. The modified electrodes were electrochemically analyzed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and the results indicate that the produced electrode can detect target DNA up to 0.1 × 10−7 mM with 2.12 × 10−3 mA µM−1 sensitivity and a response time of 5 s. The constructed genosensor displayed high sensitivity and stability, and it also provides a unique strategy for diagnosing MTB at an early stage. Furthermore, our rGO-PDA-AuNP/GCE-based electrochemical platform has broad potential for creating biosensor systems for detecting various infectious pathogens and therapeutically significant biomarkers.

Designing a Simple Electrochemical Genosensor for the Detection of Urinary PCA3, a Prostate Cancer Biomarker

“…These devices are highly desirable for their ability to provide sequence-specific information in a faster, simpler, and less costly manner than conventional assays such as PCR or RT-PCR. Genosensors find application across a diverse array of fields, including but not limited to the following: neurodegenerative diseases [19,20]; cancerous pathologies encompassing breast cancer [21][22][23], cervical cancer [24,25], gastric cancer [26,27] and colorectal cancer [28]; inherited diseases like coronary artery diseases [29,30], sickle cell anemia [31] and thalassemia [32,33]; and the detection of infectious pathogens (SARS-CoV-2 [34,35], Influenza A virus [36,37], Haemophilus influenza [38], and Mycobacterium tuberculosis [39,40]).…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Fabrics for Joule-Heating and Antibacterial Applications

“…Graphene has gained growing attention over the past few years because of its unique properties. This honeycomb-shaped two-dimensional material with an sp 2 carbon structure possesses superior electrical and thermal conductivity, robust mechanical strength, and large surface-active sites. , Furthermore, graphene materials offer antimicrobial properties through a combination of membrane stress, generation of oxidative stress, trapping effect, and photothermal activity. , However, it should be noted that graphene and its derivatives typically require a prolonged exposure time to effectively kill or inactivate microorganisms through these mechanisms . It has been suggested that the application of electricity can accelerate and enhance microbial inactivation on conductive surfaces through various mechanisms such as direct electron transfer, oxidative stress, and Joule heating .…”

“…This honeycomb-shaped two-dimensional material with an sp 2 carbon structure possesses superior electrical and thermal conductivity, robust mechanical strength, and large surface-active sites. 8 , 9 Furthermore, graphene materials offer antimicrobial properties through a combination of membrane stress, generation of oxidative stress, trapping effect, and photothermal activity. 10 , 11 However, it should be noted that graphene and its derivatives typically require a prolonged exposure time to effectively kill or inactivate microorganisms through these mechanisms.…”