Reduced graphene oxide induced phase miscibility in polystyrene–poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends

Xavier, Priti; Sharma, Keshav; Kolanthai, Elayaraja; Vasu, K.I.; Sood, Anil K.; Bose, Suryasarathi

doi:10.1039/c3ra46902f

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This has increased the rheological demixing temperature in the case of this blend. 75 A similar observation was seen in the case of PaSAN/PMMA blends with dynamic symmetry. 76 4.2.2 Nanorods and nanotubes.…”

Section: Anisotropic Particlessupporting

confidence: 69%

Nanoparticle induced miscibility in LCST polymer blends: critically assessing the enthalpic and entropic effects

Xavier

Rao

Bose

2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The use of copolymer and polymer blends widened the possibility of creating materials with multilayered architectures. Hierarchical polymer systems with a wide array of micro and nanostructures are generated by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) in partially miscible polymer blends. Various parameters like the interaction between the polymers, concentration, solvent/non-solvent ratio, and quenching temperature have to be optimized to obtain these micro/nanophase structures. Alternatively, the addition of nanoparticles is another strategy to design materials with desired hetero-phase structures. The dynamics of the polymer nanocomposite depends on the statistical ordering of polymers around the nanoparticle, which is dependent on the shape of the nanoparticle. The entropic loss due to deformation of polymer chains, like the repulsive interactions due to coiling and the attractive interactions in the case of swelling has been highlighted in this perspective article. The dissipative particle dynamics has been discussed and is correlated with the molecular dynamics simulation in the case of polymer blends. The Cahn-Hillard-Cook model on variedly shaped immobile fillers has shown difference in the propagation of the composition wave. The nanoparticle shape has a contributing effect on the polymer particle interaction, which can change the miscibility window in the case of these phase separating polymer blends. Quantitative information on the effect of spherical particles on the demixing temperature is well established and further modified to explain the percolation of rod shaped particles in the polymer blends. These models correlate well with the experimental observations in context to the dynamics induced by the nanoparticle in the demixing behavior of the polymer blend. The miscibility of the LCST polymer blend depends on the enthalpic factors like the specific interaction between the components, and the solubility product and the entropic losses occurring due to the formation of any favorable interactions. Hence, it is essential to assess the entropic and enthalpic interactions induced by the nanoparticles independently. The addition of nanoparticles creates heterogeneity in the polymer phase it is localized. This can be observed as an alteration in the relaxation behavior of the polymer. This changes the demixing behavior and the interaction parameter between the polymers. The compositional changes induced due to the incorporation of nanoparticles are also attributed as a reason for the altered demixing temperature. The particle shape anisotropy causes a direction dependent depletion, which changes the phase behavior of the blend. The polymer-grafted nanoparticles with varying grafting density show tremendous variation in the miscibility of the blend. The stretching of the polymer chains grafted on the nanoparticles causes an entropy penalty in the polymer blend. A comparative study on the different shaped particles is not available up to date for understanding these aspects. Hence, we have juxtaposed the ...

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Section: Anisotropic Particlessupporting

confidence: 69%

Nanoparticle induced miscibility in LCST polymer blends: critically assessing the enthalpic and entropic effects

Xavier

Rao

Bose

2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…16,17 KMnO 4 was then added very slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred in a closed reactor for 24 h at room temperature.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Graphene Oxide (Go)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyolefin based antibacterial membranes derived from PE/PEO blends compatibilized with amine terminated graphene oxide and maleated PE

et al. 2014

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In this study, various strategies like amine terminated GO (GO-NH 2 ), in situ formed polyethylene grafted GO (PE-g-GO) and their combinations with maleated PE (maleic anhydride grafted PE) were adopted to reactively compatibilize blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). These blends were further explored to design porous, antibacterial membranes for separation technology and the flux and the resistance across the membranes were studied systematically. It was observed that GO-NH 2 led to uniform dispersion of PEO in a PE matrix and further resulted in a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the blends when combined with maleated PE. The efficiency of various compatibilizers was further studied by monitoring the evolution of morphology as a function of the annealing time. It was observed that besides rendering uniform dispersion of PEO in PE and improving the mechanical properties, GO-NH 2 further suppresses the coalescence in the blends. As the melt viscosities of the phases differ significantly, there is a gradient in the morphology as also manifested from scanning acoustic microscopy. Hence, the membranes were designed by systematically reducing the thickness of the as-pressed samples to expose the core as the active area for flux calculations. Selected membranes were also tested for their antibacterial properties by inoculating E. coli culture with the membranes and imaging at different time scales. This study opens new avenues to develop PE based cost effective anti-microbial membranes for water purification.

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“…24 The inuence of nanollers with other topological shapes on the phase separation of blend matrix has been also reported for one or two dimensional nanollers lled systems, such as PS/PVME/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites, [25][26][27] PMMA/SAN/MWCNTs nanocomposites, 1,28,29 PMMA/SAN/clay nanocomposites, 30,31 PMMA/ SAN/GO nanocomposites, 32 PMMA/SAN/chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) nanocomposites 33,34 and PS/PVME/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites. 35,36 As a onedimensional rod-like ller, hollow silica nanotubes (HSNTs) have attracted special interest because of its easy surface functionalization, porous wall structure, hydrophilic nature, and biocompatibility, 37 which may have some potential applications in reinforced materials, catalyst carriers, sensors, hydrogen storage materials, drug storage and delivery. However, the effect of HSNTs on the phase separation behavior of polymer blends has never been concerned and reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase separation behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) in the presence of hollow silica nanotubes

Zuo

Zhang

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Reduced graphene oxide induced phase miscibility in polystyrene–poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Nanoparticle induced miscibility in LCST polymer blends: critically assessing the enthalpic and entropic effects

Nanoparticle induced miscibility in LCST polymer blends: critically assessing the enthalpic and entropic effects

Polyolefin based antibacterial membranes derived from PE/PEO blends compatibilized with amine terminated graphene oxide and maleated PE

Phase separation behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) in the presence of hollow silica nanotubes

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