Reduced frontal white matter integrity in Early-Onset schizophrenia: a preliminary study

Kumra, Sanjiv; Ashtari, Manzar; McMeniman, Marjorie; Vogel, Joshua; Augustin, Rachel; Becker, David; Nakayama, Emilie Y.; Gyato, Kunsang; Kane, John M.; Lim, Kelvin O.; Szeszko, Philip R.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.025

Cited by 126 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Neuroimaging has begun to provide preliminary evidence for this hypothesis, with pronounced structural changes in the frontal lobe of EOS that appear larger than those in comparable studies of adult-onset patients . In addition, however, comparable changes in frontal microstructure have been reported across early-onset (Kumra et al 2004) and adult-onset samples (Buchsbaum et al 1998 ;Lim et al 1999). The application of neurocognitive measures with known brain-behaviour relationships, such as response inhibition, may provide an additional and important source of information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Levels of negative symptoms may also be higher in patients with relatively earlier illness onsets (Hoff et al 1996). Kumra et al (2004) used diffusion tensor imaging to assay white matter integrity in patients with EOS. Relative to control participants, adolescents with EOS had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in bilateral frontal white matter, particularly in the vicinity of the IFG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, adolescents with EOS are developmentally delayed prior to the onset of psychosis (Hollis, 1995) and may show a persistence of neurological soft signs (Karp et al 2001). Using diffusion tensor imaging, Kumra et al (2004) reported reduced white matter integrity in the frontal lobes, including the IFG, of adolescents with EOS. Dysfunction within the IFG has been suggested as the pathophysiological substrate of negative symptoms in schizophrenia (Wolkin et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lateralized deficit of response inhibition in early-onset schizophrenia

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lateralized deficit of response inhibition in early-onset schizophrenia

et al. 2005

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“…In recent years the hypothesis of disconnection syndrome as a crucial contributor to psychiatric disorders has become increasingly popular, pointing to white matter involvement in such diseases (Catani and Ffytche 2005;Magaro and Page 1983). The most studied psychiatric disease is schizophrenia, where the major finding is reduced FA in widespread brain regions including the corpus callosum, uncinate fascicules, frontal white matter, and others (Kanaan et al 2005;Kubicki et al 2005;Jones et al 2005;Kumra et al 2004;Ardekani et al 2003;Lim and Helpern 2002;Price et al 2005). Other studies on psychiatric disorders and diseases include dementia of Alzheimer's type, mild cognitive impairment (Fellgiebel et al 2004(Fellgiebel et al , 2005Bozzali et al 2002;Moseley et al 2002;Medina et al 2005), and obsessive compulsive disorder (Szeszko et al 2005), all of which reported reduced FA in various brain regions.…”

Section: Dti As a Radiological Tool (Or What Is It Good For?)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)-based White Matter Mapping in Brain Research: A Review

2007

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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become one of the most popular MRI techniques in brain research, as well as in clinical practice. The number of brain studies with DTI is growing steadily and, over the last decade, has produced more than 700 publications. Diffusion tensor imaging enables visualization and characterization of white matter fascicli in two and three dimensions. Since the introduction of this methodology in 1994, it has been used to study the white matter architecture and integrity of the normal and diseased brains (multiple sclerosis, stroke, aging, dementia, schizophrenia, etc.). Although it provided image contrast that was not available with routine MR techniques, unique information on white matter and 3D visualization of neuronal pathways, many questions were raised regarding the origin of the DTI signal. Diffusion tensor imaging is constantly validated, challenged, and developed in terms of acquisition scheme, image processing, analysis, and interpretation. While DTI offers a powerful tool to study and visualize white matter, it suffers from inherent artifacts and limitations. The partial volume effect and the inability of the model to cope with non-Gaussian diffusion are its two main drawbacks. Nevertheless, when combined with functional brain mapping, DTI provides an efficient tool for comprehensive, noninvasive, functional anatomy mapping of the human brain. This review summarizes the development of DTI in the last decade with respect to the specificity and utility of the technique in radiology and anatomy studies.

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“…Reduced diffusion anisotropy has been found in a number of areas, including the occipital white matter in schizophrenia (3)(4)(5). However, no study has systematically evaluated white matter integrity at different levels of the visual system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual White Matter Integrity in Schizophrenia

Butler¹

2006

Am J Psychiatry

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Objective-Patients with schizophrenia have visual-processing deficits. This study examines visual white matter integrity as a potential mechanism for these deficits.Method-Diffusion tensor imaging was used to examine white matter integrity at four levels of the visual system in 17 patients with schizophrenia and 21 comparison subjects. The levels examined were the optic radiations, the striate cortex, the inferior parietal lobule, and the fusiform gyrus.Results-Schizophrenia patients showed a significant decrease in fractional anisotropy in the optic radiations but not in any other region.Conclusions-This finding indicates that white matter integrity is more impaired at initial input, rather than at higher levels of the visual system, and supports the hypothesis that visual-processing deficits occur at the early stages of processing.Patients with schizophrenia show deficits not only at higher cognitive but also at perceptual levels of processing. In the visual system, perceptual deficits have been repeatedly demonstrated in behavioral and electrophysiological studies using motion perception, luminance, and chromatic contrast detection, and visual backward masking tasks (see reference 1 for a review). However, it is unclear whether such deficits reflect early-stage versus topdown processing deficits. To examine substrates of visual processing dysfunction in schizophrenia, we used diffusion tensor imaging to evaluate white matter integrity at several levels of the visual system. The use of diffusion tensor imaging provides information about the structural basis for visual processing dysfunction.Diffusion tensor imaging provides information about white matter integrity by using properties of water diffusion in brain tissue (2). In white matter, diffusion of water is greater in the direction parallel-rather than perpendicular-to axonal tracts and is termed "anisotropic." Fractional anisotropy is a normalized measure of diffusion anisotropy and ranges from 0 (completely random) to 1 (completely unidirectional). In general, water molecules will be more restricted and fractional anisotropy will be higher, with greater white matter integrity.Reduced diffusion anisotropy has been found in a number of areas, including the occipital white matter in schizophrenia (3-5). However, no study has systematically evaluated white

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Reduced frontal white matter integrity in Early-Onset schizophrenia: a preliminary study

Cited by 126 publications

References 50 publications

Lateralized deficit of response inhibition in early-onset schizophrenia

Lateralized deficit of response inhibition in early-onset schizophrenia

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)-based White Matter Mapping in Brain Research: A Review

Visual White Matter Integrity in Schizophrenia

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