“…The consistency of results in the current study and throughout this century (Kallmann, 1938;Book, 1953a;Essen-Moller, 1959;Lindelius, 1970;Slater et al, 1971;Bleuler, 1978;Vogel, 1979;Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al, 1980;Odegaard, 1980;Ward et al, 1995) suggests that reduced fitness is an inherent feature of schizophrenia. In contrast to manic depression which has relatively preserved reproductive fitness (Erlenmeyer-Kimling, 1978;Lane et al, 1995), high rates of single marital status and childlessness are common in schizophrenia.…”