Reduced Facilitation of Parietal-Motor Functional Connections in Older Adults

Goldenkoff, Elana R.; Logue, Rachel; Brown, Susan H.; Vesia, Michael

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.595288

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…We computed the fully corrected T-scores provided by the Toolbox, which are adjusted for formal educational attainment, age, and self-identified race and ethnicity. We used the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test to index general cognitive visuomotor processing speed, primarily subserved by superior parietal and primary motor cortical brain regions (Goldenkoff et al, 2021; Hatsopoulos & Suminski, 2011; Kalaska, 1996; Mutha et al, 2011; Sabes, 2011). We used the Picture Sequence Memory Test to capture episodic memory performance, with more targeted recruitment of hippocampal brain regions (Das et al, 2019; Moscovitch et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal blood flow rapidly and preferentially increases after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in older adults with poor cerebrovascular health

Palmer

Morris

Billinger

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Over the course of aging, there is an early degradation of cerebrovascular health that may be attenuated with aerobic exercise training. Yet, the acute cerebrovascular response to a single bout of exercise remains elusive, particularly within key brain regions most affected by age-related disease processes. We investigated the acute global and region-specific cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to 15 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in older adults (≥65years) (n=60) using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Within 0-6 minutes post-exercise, CBF decreased across all regions, an effect that was attenuated in the hippocampus. The exercise-induced CBF drop was followed by a rebound effect over the 24-minute post-exercise assessment period, an effect that was most robust in the hippocampus. Individuals with low baseline perfusion demonstrated the greatest hippocampal-specific CBF effect post-exercise, showing no immediate drop and a rapid increase in CBF that exceeded baseline levels within 6-12 minutes post-exercise. Gains in domain-specific cognitive performance post-exercise were not associated with changes in regional CBF, suggesting dissociable effects of exercise on acute neural and vascular plasticity. Together, the present findings support a precision-medicine framework for the use of exercise to target brain health that carefully considers age-related changes in the cerebrovascular system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal blood flow rapidly and preferentially increases after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in older adults with poor cerebrovascular health

Palmer

Morris

Billinger

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This effect seems to be enhanced by increased task complexity (Wang et al, 2020). Reduced functional and structural integrity in the brain, especially in frontal and parietal regions and their connections with other cortical and subcortical areas, may drive the frequently observed finding of diminished executive functions (including working memory), processing speed (Garcia-Cabello et al, 2021), and motor cognitive decline (Heuninckx et al, 2005;Goldenkoff et al, 2021). It has been discussed that older adults may adopt more adaptive strategies to better compensate for age-related changes in motor planning (Wang et al, 2020) to sustain levels of cognitive function (Dockree et al, 2015;Samu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does aging amplify the rule-based efficiency effect in action selection?

Scheib

Stoll²,

Randerath³

2023

Front. Psychol.

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When it comes to the selection of adequate movements, people may apply varying strategies. Explicit if-then rules, compared to implicit prospective action planning, can facilitate action selection in young healthy adults. But aging alters cognitive processes. It is unknown whether older adults may similarly, profit from a rule-based approach to action selection. To investigate the potential effects of aging, the Rule/Plan Motor Cognition (RPMC) paradigm was applied to three different age groups between 31 and 90 years of age. Participants selected grips either instructed by a rule or by prospective planning. As a function of age, we found a general increase in a strategy-specific advantage as quantified by the difference in reaction time between plan- and rule-based action selection. However, in older age groups, these differences went in both directions: some participants initiated rule-based action selection faster, while for others, plan-based action selection seemed more efficient. The decomposition of reaction times into speed of the decision process, action encoding, and response caution components suggests that rule-based action selection may reduce action encoding demands in all age groups. There appears a tendency for the younger and middle age groups to have a speed advantage in the rule task when it comes to information accumulation for action selection. Thus, one influential factor determining the robustness of the rule-based efficiency effect across the lifespan may be presented by the reduced speed of information uptake. Future studies need to further specify the role of these parameters for efficient action selection.

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