Reduced Expression of PD-1 in Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs Is an Early Feature of RRMS

Machcińska, Maja; Kierasińska, Magdalena; Michniowska, Martyna; Maruszewska-Cheruiyot, Marta; Szewczak, Ludmiła; Rola, Rafał; Karlińska, A; Stear, M. J.; Donskow‐Łysoniewska, Katarzyna

doi:10.3390/ijms23063185

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Focusing on DCs/Tregs that are stimulated by MBPs, T cells expressing PD-1 and APC expressing PD-L1 in the peripheral blood of patients with acute MS were prominently increased compared with those of remitted patients with MS ( 68 ). A recent study also showed that the expression of PD-1 on the surface of CD4 + and CD8 + Tregs was reduced in patients with RRMS ( 69 ). Taken together, these studies suggested that the DC- or Treg cell-related PD-L1/PD-1 axis is involved in the occurrence and development of MS.…”

Section: Bidirectional Dc-treg Cell Crosstalk In Ms Patients and Eae ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The binding of GITRL on the DC surface and the corresponding receptor (i.e., GITR) on the Treg cell surface can improve the sensitivity of Treg precursor cells to IL-2 and provide co-stimulatory signals for Treg cell proliferation ( 134 , 135 ). A recent study showed that the expression of GITRs on the surface of CD4 + and CD8 + Tregs was decreased in RRMS individuals ( 69 ). This might be one of the reasons that DC-Treg cell crosstalk is destroyed in MS patients, which limits the proliferation of DC-dependent Tregs.…”

Section: Unidirectional Regulation Of Tregs By Dcs In Ms/eaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Crosstalk between dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: Protective effect and therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system related to autoimmunity and is characterized by demyelination, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Cell therapies mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have gradually become accumulating focusing in MS, and the protective crosstalk mechanisms between DCs and Tregs provide the basis for the efficacy of treatment regimens. In MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, DCs communicate with Tregs to form immune synapses and complete a variety of complex interactions to counteract the unbalanced immune tolerance. Through different co-stimulatory/inhibitory molecules, cytokines, and metabolic enzymes, DCs regulate the proliferation, differentiation and function of Tregs. On the other hand, Tregs inhibit the mature state and antigen presentation ability of DCs, ultimately improving immune tolerance. In this review, we summarized the pivotal immune targets in the interaction between DCs and Tregs, and elucidated the protective mechanisms of DC-Treg cell crosstalk in MS, finally interpreted the complex cell interplay in the manner of inhibitory feedback loops to explore novel therapeutic directions for MS.

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Section: Bidirectional Dc-treg Cell Crosstalk In Ms Patients and Eae ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Unidirectional Regulation Of Tregs By Dcs In Ms/eaementioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: Protective effect and therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…Treg are a heterogeneous population [68]. Most Treg are CD4 + but some are CD8 + and these CD8 + Treg may play a critical role in susceptibility to some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis [69]. Most Treg develop in the thymus and these Treg are called natural Treg.…”

Section: Regulation Of the Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune Response to Nematode Infection

Stear

Preston

Piedrafita

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Nematode infection is a major threat to the health of humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Nematodes vary in their effect on the host and in the mechanisms underlying immunity but the general features are becoming clear. There is considerable variation among individuals in resistance to infection and much of this variation is due to genetic variation in the immune response. The major histocompatibility complex has a strong influence on resistance to infection but other genes are collectively more important. Resistant individuals produce more IgA, eosinophils, IgE and mast cells than susceptible individuals and this is a consequence of stronger type 2 (Th2) immune responses. A variety of factors promote Th2 responses including genetic background, diet, molecules produced by the parasite and the location of the infection. A variety of cells and molecules including proteins, glycolipids and RNA act in concert to promote responses and to regulate the response. Nematodes themselves also modulate the host response and over 20 parasite-derived immunomodulatory molecules have been identified. Different species of nematodes modulate the immune response in different ways and probably use multiple molecules. The reasons for this are unclear and the interactions among immunomodulators have still to be investigated.

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“…(MS) is considered to be the most common neurological disease in young adults, affecting more than 2.5 million people worldwide (Att eld et al 2022). It is described by continuous in ammatory activity within the CNS, giving rise to tissue damage that results in brain and spinal cord atrophy and irreversible neurological disability (Machcińska et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDNF-AS is a promising downregulated biomarker for the diagnosis in different disease types in multiple sclerosis

Kamal

Swellam

Shalaby

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the most common neurological disease in young adults, affecting more than 2.5 million people worldwide. The disease progression is likely to be the result of neurodegeneration. Numerous therapies that have emerged to treat relapsing forms of MS have been unsuccessful in slowing or halting progressive forms of the disease, during which inflammatory activity is replaced by axonal loss and atrophy. BDNF-AS is a type of long non-coding RNAs that has a negative transcriptional regulation over the neurotrophin BDNF, which is known to be highly expressed in actively demyelinating MS lesions and which has a function in neuron survival and plasticity necessary for neuroprotection during inflammation. BDNF has been shown to be low in older and chronic MS plaques, which could be a contributing factor to the ongoing degenerative changes in the chronic progressive stages of MS. However, few studies have investigated the role of BDNF-AS and how it may contribute to the role of BDNF in MS. Therefore, we studied the relative expression of BDNF-AS in the serum of patients with different disease types of MS via qRT-PCR. We found that BDNF-AS is significantly downregulated in MS as compared to controls. We also determined a relative expression cut-off of (0.31) fold change, which can be used for the diagnosis of MS with high specificity and sensitivity.

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Reduced Expression of PD-1 in Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs Is an Early Feature of RRMS

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Crosstalk between dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: Protective effect and therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis

Crosstalk between dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: Protective effect and therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis

The Immune Response to Nematode Infection

BDNF-AS is a promising downregulated biomarker for the diagnosis in different disease types in multiple sclerosis

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