Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age

Bisgaard, Hans; Li, Nan; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Chawes, Bo; Skov, Thomas; Paludan-Müller, Georg; Stokholm, Jakob; Smith, Birgitte; Krogfelt, Karen A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.060

Cited by 671 publications

(507 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Indeed, T-RFLP analysis of fecal samples obtained from vaginally delivered infants showed a high diversity of noncultivable bacteria in the first weeks that are likely to provide important stimuli for the immune system (40). Interestingly, a reduced diversity of the early gut microbiota is associated with an increased risk for allergic disease later in childhood (41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Proportion of CD5+ B Cells in Infants Predicts Development of Allergic Disease

Lundell

Johansen

Adlerberth

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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Delayed maturation of the immune system has been proposed to be a risk factor for development of allergy, but B cell maturation in relation to allergic disease has not been examined. B cells lose CD5 and acquire CD27 during maturation from immature via mature/naive to Ig-secreting cells and memory cells. We sought to investigate B cell maturation in relation to development of allergic disease and sensitization in the FARMFLORA birth cohort including 65 Swedish children. Total B cell numbers, proportions of CD5+ and CD27+ B cells, and levels of IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE were measured in blood on repeated occasions from birth to 36 mo of age, and related to allergic disease and sensitization at 18 and 36 mo of age with multivariate discriminant analysis. We also compared the expression of CD24 and CD38 within CD5+ and CD5neg B cells in children and in adults. We found that infants with a high proportion of CD5+ B cells at birth and at 1 mo of age had an increased risk for having allergic disease at 18 and 36 mo of life. Further, the proportions of CD5+ B cells at 1 mo of age were inversely correlated with total IgG levels at 18 and 36 mo of age. The majority of the CD5+ B cells were of a CD24hi/+CD38hi/+ immature/naive phenotype at birth (97%), 7 y of age (95%), and in adults (86%). These results suggest that development of allergic disease is preceded by an immaturity in neonatal B cell phenotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Proportion of CD5+ B Cells in Infants Predicts Development of Allergic Disease

Lundell

Johansen

Adlerberth

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Some of the clearest evidence concerns necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants, where gut microbiota composition is highly predictive of disease (Sim et al, 2015;Warner et al, 2016). Emerging evidence suggests that the differential acquisition and maturation of gut microbiota in healthy infants may have consequences for health later in life (Arrieta et al, 2015;Bisgaard et al, 2011;Dogra et al, 2015;Korpela et al, 2016). The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract, which contains the second most abundant bacterial population in the human body, has been less explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Sakwińska

Foata

Berger

et al. 2017

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The acquisition and early maturation of infant microbiota is not well understood despite its likely influence on later health. We investigated the contribution of the maternal microbiota to the microbiota of infant gut and nose in the context of mode of delivery and feeding. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and specific qPCR, we profiled microbiota of 42 mother-infant pairs from the GUSTO birth cohort, at body sites including maternal vagina, rectum and skin; and infant stool and nose. In our study, overlap between maternal vaginal microbiota and infant faecal microbiota was minimal, while the similarity between maternal rectal microbiota and infant microbiota was more pronounced. However, an infant's nasal and gut microbiota were no more similar to that of its own mother, than to that of unrelated mothers. These findings were independent of delivery mode. We conclude that the transfer of maternal vaginal microbes play a minor role in seeding infant stool microbiota. Transfer of maternal rectal microbiota could play a larger role in seeding infant stool microbiota, but approaches other than the generally used analyses of community similarity measures are likely to be needed to quantify bacterial transmission. We confirmed the clear difference between microbiota of infants born by Caesarean section compared to vaginally delivered infants and the impact of feeding mode on infant gut microbiota. Only vaginally delivered, fully breastfed infants had gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacteria. Our data suggest that reduced transfer of maternal vaginal microbial is not the main mechanism underlying the differential infant microbiota composition associated with Caesarean delivery. The sources of a large proportion of infant microbiota could not be identified in maternal microbiota, and the sources of seeding of infant gut and nasal microbiota remain to be elucidated.

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“…More importantly, there is evidence that children whose stomach is colonized with Helicobacter pylori are 40-60% less likely to have childhood-onset asthma than children who are not carriers (46). Similarly, reduced intestinal microbiome diversity in infants is associated with increased risk for allergic rhinitis and peripheral blood eosinophilia (47). Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the gut microbiota shapes the systemic immune system, thereby affecting the lung mucosa.…”

Section: What Are the Mucosal Inflammatory Implications Of The Lung Mmentioning

confidence: 64%

A Brave New World: The Lung Microbiota in an Era of Change

Segal

Blaser

2014

Annals ATS

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Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age

Cited by 671 publications

References 45 publications

High Proportion of CD5+ B Cells in Infants Predicts Development of Allergic Disease

High Proportion of CD5+ B Cells in Infants Predicts Development of Allergic Disease

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

A Brave New World: The Lung Microbiota in an Era of Change

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