Reduced Dietary Salt for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Cochrane Review)

Taylor, Rod S; Ashton, Kate; Moxham, T; Hooper, Lee; Ebrahim, Shah

doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.115

Cited by 260 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In addition, there was a high proportion (33.9%) of exclusions, mainly due to inadequate urine collections. In the Cochrane meta-analysis of the randomized trials, 14 one of these trials in heart failure 17 should not have been included because the participants were severely salt-and water-depleted due to aggressive diuretics therapy (furosemide 250-500 mg twice daily). The optimal salt intake is not clear, at present, but there is no doubt that salt reduction is mandatory in any country in which salt consumption is extremely high, such as Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 There has been much debate concerning this article and a subsequent Cochrane Review. [14][15][16] For example, in the cohort study, 6 a single 24-h urine sample, which was used for all of the analysis, could not represent the usual salt intake at the individual level. In addition, there was a high proportion (33.9%) of exclusions, mainly due to inadequate urine collections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spot urine-guided salt reduction is effective in Japanese cardiology outpatients

Hirota¹,

Sadanaga

Mitamura

et al. 2012

Hypertens Res

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Dietary salt restriction is recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and heart failure as well as in the general population. However, salt reduction is very difficult without knowing the daily salt intake of individual patients. A total of 524 subjects (72 ± 10 year old, 246 female) who visited an outpatient cardiology clinic were included in this study. Daily dietary salt intake was estimated based on the sodium and creatinine concentrations of spot urine at the time of enrollment and during follow-up for 8-26 weeks. The attending physicians explained the individual data to the patients and encouraged them to reduce their salt intake through simple counseling. The baseline estimated salt excretion was 9.6 ± 2.7 (range: 3.5-22.1) g per day, which decreased to 8.7 ± 2.3 (3.7-18.0) g per day during follow-up. The systolic blood pressure decreased from 127.0±15.4 (range: 80-170) to 125.6±14.5 (80-172) mm Hg (P ¼ 0.026), and the diastolic blood pressure decreased from 73.4 ± 11.0 (range: 40-106) to 71.5 ± 10.8 (50-102) mm Hg (Po0.001). In conclusion, the estimation of salt intake by spot urine was a useful method for motivating patients to reduce their salt intake; however, achieving salt reduction to the level recommended by the guideline could be a challenge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spot urine-guided salt reduction is effective in Japanese cardiology outpatients

Hirota¹,

Sadanaga

Mitamura

et al. 2012

Hypertens Res

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show abstract

“…Including family members in HF treatment -particularly regarding adherence to nonpharmacological measures -appears crucial and has been gaining ground as a self-care strategy. [24,25] A US study that sought to assess the effect of educational sessions geared to the family members of HF patients showed a significant reduction in sodium intake among patients whose family members received the intervention. [23] Family education is an effective strategy; however, grocery shopping, making meals, and eating together are important elements of family interaction.…”

Section: Published By Sciedu Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, barriers and attitudes toward dietary sodium in patients with decompensated heart failure

Barilli

d’Almeida²,

Trojahn³

et al. 2017

JNEP

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Background and objective: Nonadherence to sodium restriction is one of the main precipitating factors of heart failure (HF) decompensation. The three-subscale Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) enables evaluation of factors that can interfere with adherence. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, barriers, and attitudes of patients with decompensated HF toward dietary sodium, by comparing those hospitalized for decompensation due to dietary nonadherence (alone or with medication nonadherence) versus those admitted for decompensation due to other causes. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out at the emergency departments of two public hospitals in Southern Brazil between 2013 and 2014. The sample included patients admitted for decompensated HF. Patients were divided into two groups: decompensation due to nonadherence to diet (alone or with medication nonadherence) and other causes. Results: A total of 225 patients were included (mean age 66 ± 12 years). Patients exhibited a high degree of knowledge about sodium restriction (up to 50% achieved 40 of 45 points). The opinions of family and health professionals influenced adherence. The main barriers to adherence concerned palatability and dietary preferences. When compared to patients admitted for other causes, those decompensated due to nonadherence had lower ejection fraction (p = .004) and higher Perceived Behavioral Control subscale scores (p = .009). Conclusions: Patients have a high level of knowledge about sodium restriction. The opinion of significant others affects adherence. Nonadherent patients appeared to be more severely ill and endorsed a greater number of barriers that prevent adequate behavior. Some factors-particularly the taste of foods and patients' dietary preferences -may justify the high prevalence of nonadherence.

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“…Moreover, two meta-analyses presented the data from randomized controlled trials on salt restriction and cardiovascular mortality. Taylor et al [124] analyzed the effect of sodium restriction on the blood pressure status at baseline (normotensive vs hypertensive). They found a tendency to better cardiovascular outcomes when patients were salt-restricted [124].…”

Section: Hypertension and Kidney Diseases Update 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taylor et al [124] analyzed the effect of sodium restriction on the blood pressure status at baseline (normotensive vs hypertensive). They found a tendency to better cardiovascular outcomes when patients were salt-restricted [124]. He et al [125] reported that sodium restriction was associated with significant reduction in cardiovascular events but not in mortality.…”

Section: Hypertension and Kidney Diseases Update 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids, Blood Pressure, Kidney-what was New in 2012?

Banach¹,

Hering²,

Myśliwiec³

et al. 2012

International J. of Pharmacology

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Reduced Dietary Salt for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Cochrane Review)

Cited by 260 publications

References 54 publications

Spot urine-guided salt reduction is effective in Japanese cardiology outpatients

Spot urine-guided salt reduction is effective in Japanese cardiology outpatients

Knowledge, barriers and attitudes toward dietary sodium in patients with decompensated heart failure

Lipids, Blood Pressure, Kidney-what was New in 2012?

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