Reduced development ofPlasmodium falciparum in ?-thalassaemic erythrocytes

Enhanced phagocytosis of ring-parasitized mutant erythrocytes: a common mechanism that may explain protection against falciparum malaria in sickle trait and beta-thalassemia trait

“…Protection has been attributed in some studies to defective invasion or growth of the parasite in the mutant erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]), [5][6][7] while other studies found normal parasite invasion and growth. 8,9 Since the original proposal by Haldane, 10 microcitemia and increased osmotic resistance, enhanced oxidant radical production due to unpaired globin chains, increased sickling, ionic unbalances or membrane rigidity, or molecular defects in band 3 have been suggested as underlying mechanisms explaining impaired growth of the parasite in the mutant RBCs.…”

World Distribution, Population Genetics, and Health Burden of the Hemoglobinopathies

“…Recently, this relationship has been quantified statistically, an analysis that found strong geographical support for the malaria hypothesis in Africa but not in either the Americas or in Asia (Piel et al 2010). Hemoglobin S is absent from indigenous populations in the Americas, probably because malaria did not reach the continent until relatively recently, whereas in Asia it follows a rather Friedman 1978;Pasvol et al 1978;Friedman et al 1979 Enhanced removal of parasite-infected HbAS red blood cells Luzzatto et al 1970;Friedman 1978;Roth et al 1978;Shear et al 1993;Ayi et al 2004 Reduced pathogenicity of P. falciparum infected red blood cells because of reduced expression of PfEMP1 Cholera et al 2008;Cyrklaff et al 2011 Improved acquisition of malaria-specific immunity Edozien et al 1960;Cornille-Brogger et al 1979;Guggenmoos-Holzmann et al 1981;Marsh et al 1989;Bayoumi et al 1990;Abu-Zeid et al 1992 a thalassemia Specific protection against malaria-induced anaemia Allen et al 1997;Williams et al 2005d;Wambua et al 2006;May et al 2007;Fowkes et al 2008;Veenemans et al 2008 Reduced pathogenicity through reduced cytoadherence or rosetting Udomsangpetch et al 1993;Carlson et al 1994;Cockburn et al 2004 Immuological priming through crossspecies immunity between P. vivax and P. falciparum Williams et al 1996;Veenemans et al 2011 b thalassemia Enhanced removal of parasite-infected red blood cells Ayi et al 2004 Reduced invasion and growth of P. falciparum parasites Kaminsky et al 1986;Senok et al 1997 Reduced pathogenicity through reduced cytoadherence or rosetting restricted distribution, being confined to a small number of tribal populations in India …”

Malaria: Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects

“…Impaired parasite growth in heterozygous beta-thalassemia RBCs in vitro has been described by some authors (Brockelman et al, 1987;Kaminsky et al, 1986), while others found no difference (Yuthavong et al, 1987). The significance of some results showing inhibition could not be assessed because scanty description of culture conditions did not allow comparison to data obtained by other studies (Kaminsky et al, 1986).…”

“…The significance of some results showing inhibition could not be assessed because scanty description of culture conditions did not allow comparison to data obtained by other studies (Kaminsky et al, 1986). Brockelman's data are well documented (Brockelman et al, 1987).…”

“…The predominant explanation of resistance due to widespread RBC mutations found in the malaria literature (for example, see Friedman, 1978;Kaminsky et al, 1986;Brokelman et al, 1987;Senok et al, 1997;Pattanapanyasat et al, 1999) is that the mutant RBCs do not offer optimal conditions for invasion, or intracellular parasite development, RBC rupture, and merozoite release. We consider evidence provided by most of those studies as not fully satisfactory (Akide-Ndunge et al, 2003).…”