Reduced claw vacuum and b-phase during low milk flow does not impact oxytocin release and milking performance

Neuheuser, Anna-Lena; Schwinn, Ann-Catherine; Wellnitz, Olga; Hernández-Castellano, Lorenzo E.; Bruckmaier, Rupert M.

doi:10.1017/s0022029917000504

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The TMY was higher at 14-h than 10-h MI but did not differ between the 4 MR. In accordance with previous studies, udder emptying was similarly complete, independent of the type and duration of prestimulation and vacuum load at the start of milking (Bruckmaier and Blum, 1996;Weiss and Bruckmaier, 2005;Neuheuser et al, 2018) and independent of the degree of udder filling caused by short and long MI (Kaskous and Bruckmaier, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the present study, we compared the efficiency of 4 different MR either consisting of a regular or very short teat preparation combined with a 1-min latency period and milking at standard vacuum and pulsation settings (LPrep and SPrep, respectively) or immediate attachment and milking with reduced liner-open phase either alone or combined with reduced vacuum during low milk flow (RP and RPV, respectively). The stimulatory effect of reduced vacuum and shortened liner-open phase during low milk flow to induce oxytocin release and hence milk ejection has been previously demonstrated (Neuheuser et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Technical solutions are available that the milking unit detects the occurrence of milk ejection based on the recorded milk flow. The stimulatory effect of this system with respect to the induction of oxytocin release and milk ejection has been demonstrated (Neuheuser et al, 2018). However, information about the efficiency of such milking systems compared with short prestimulation followed by a latency period is missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced liner-open phase and vacuum instead of prestimulation increase parlor efficiency in dairy cows

Tuor

Jenni

Wellnitz

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Adequate prestimulation is considered a requirement for a fast, gentle, and complete udder emptying at machine milking. Reduced vacuum or reduced liner-open phase of pulsation (or both) may replace prestimulation and consequently reduce work load of the milker and increase parlor efficiency. In the present study we compared 2 milking routines (MR) with manual prestimulation (LPrep = long preparation: 15 s of forestripping, teat cleaning, and stimulation; SPrep = short preparation: 5 s of teat cleaning) followed by 1-min latency period and milking at standard vacuum and pulsation settings (claw vacuum 44 kPa, pulsation rate 60 cycles/min, pulsation ratio 65/35) with 2 MR consisting of 5 s of teat cleaning, immediate cluster attachment and milking at reduced vacuum with or without shortened liner-open phase of pulsation until milk flow exceeded 400 g/min (RP = reduced pulsation: pulsation ratio 30/70, pulsation rate 50 cycles/ min, claw vacuum 44 kPa; RPV = reduced pulsation and vacuum: pulsation ratio 30/70, pulsation rate 50 cycles/min, claw vacuum 34 kPa). Cluster detachment was performed at 400 g/min in all MR. Ten Holstein dairy cows were milked twice daily at 14-h and 10-h milking intervals. Milk flow and electrical conductivity (EC) were recorded throughout milking. During the first 2 min of each milking ultrasound cross-section images of the gland cistern of one front quarter were recorded, and 5 min after the end of milking teat tissue thickness of both front teats was measured by using a cutimeter. Most milking characteristics such as total milk yield, average milk flow, and machine-on time reached higher values at 14-h than 10-h milking intervals, but did not differ among MR. However, the occupancy time (time from the first touch of the udder until cluster detachment) was considerably shorter in RP and RPV compared with LPrep and SPrep. Ultrasound cross section areas of the gland cistern were larger in LPrep than in RP and RPV indicating that milk ejection already occurred at cluster attachment in LPrep. This assumption is also supported by the lower EC at cluster attachment in LPrep than in RP and RPV, which was caused by the presence of alveolar milk in the gland cistern after milk ejection. The MR RP and RPV increase parlor efficiency and are worksaving alternatives to MR, which include an adequate prestimulation (LPrep). However, shortening prestimulation to a 5-s teat cleaning followed by a latency period and milking at regular vacuum and pulsation is not adequate to save occupancy time. Because milking was performed at a relatively low vacuum (44 kPa) and at a detachment level of 400 g/min, teat tissue thickness did not differ among MR, and the vacuum reduction in RPV did not cause an additional advantage for teat condition compared with RP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced liner-open phase and vacuum instead of prestimulation increase parlor efficiency in dairy cows

Tuor

Jenni

Wellnitz

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Congestion of blood vessels leads to intravascular accumulation of fluids (Hamann and Mein, 1990;Reinemann, 2012;Penry et al, 2017) and could be a precondition for developing edema, which is defined as an extravascular accumulation of fluids (Hamann and Mein, 1990;Reinemann, 2012). Multiple researchers have investigated milking-related short-term changes using a cutimeter (Hamann and Mein, 1988;Zecconi et al, 1996;Neuheuser et al, 2018), ultrasonography (US; Bruckmaier and Blum, 1992;Weiss et al, 2004;Ambord and Bruckmaier, 2010), thermography (Paulrud et al, 2005), radiography (Mein et al, 1973), or just visual assessment (Hillerton et al, 2000). Recorded changes can be indicators of inadequate milking machine settings (Reinemann, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased teat wall thickness in response to machine milking

Stauffer

Vekens

Stoffel

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Transiently increased teat wall thickness in response to machine milking has been documented by various methods, including ultrasound. However, correlative ultrasonography and histology to detect the origin of this phenomenon is lacking. The first goal of the present study was to evaluate and compare milking-related changes of the teat tissue in 2 breeds of dairy cows (11 Simmental and 3 Holstein) using B-mode ultrasonography. Additionally, the observed changes were compared with ultrasonographic findings in a Holstein cow with periparturient udder edema. Finally, corresponding histological sections of the Simmental teats were analyzed and compared with those from a lactating nonmilked Angus cow. We hypothesized that the mechanical load of both stretching by the vacuum during phases of open teat cup liner and compression by the closed liner during machine milking results in a transient congestion of blood vessels in the teat wall. The barrel of 1 front teat of each cow was scanned immediately before and after machine milking (system vacuum: 42 kPa; pulsation rate: 60 cycles/min; pulsation ratio: 65:35). Shortly after milking (33 ± 6 min), the Simmentals were slaughtered, and their scanned teat was immediately removed and processed for investigation by light microscopy. Ultrasonography after milking revealed anechoic tubular structures mainly in the inner half of the teat wall. Histological examination revealed these structures to be thick-walled veins. The left front and hind teats of the nonmilked lactating cow, collected and prepared identically to those from the Simmental cows, showed the same histological features. Ultrasonographic measurements showed that the diameter of these veins significantly increased after milking compared with matching images before milking. This effect was most pronounced in the Holstein cows. Similarly, these veins were very prominent in the periparturient cow. However, neither the milked cows, including the periparturient cow, nor the lactating nonmilked cow provided any evidence of edematous extravasation on ultrasonography or histology. These findings corroborated our hypothesis that the increase in size of thickwalled veins in the teat tissue is the main reason for the thickening of the teat walls in response to machine milking.

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A randomized controlled trial to study the effects of an automated premilking stimulation system on milking performance, teat tissue condition, and udder health in Holstein dairy cows

Wieland¹,

Geary²,

Nydam³

et al. 2023

Journal of Dairy Science

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Reduced claw vacuum and b-phase during low milk flow does not impact oxytocin release and milking performance

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Reduced liner-open phase and vacuum instead of prestimulation increase parlor efficiency in dairy cows

Reduced liner-open phase and vacuum instead of prestimulation increase parlor efficiency in dairy cows

Increased teat wall thickness in response to machine milking

A randomized controlled trial to study the effects of an automated premilking stimulation system on milking performance, teat tissue condition, and udder health in Holstein dairy cows

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